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Mokhov & Smirnov 2006
Mokhov, I.I. and Smirnov, D.A. (2006). El Niño–Southern Oscillation drives North Atlantic Oscillation as revealed with nonlinear techniques from climatic indices. Geophysical Research Letters 33: doi: 10.1029/2005GL024557. issn: 0094-8276.

Based on the nonlinear techniques for estimation of coupling between oscillatory systems, we investigate the dynamics of climatic modes characterizing global and the Northern Hemisphere (NH) processes. In particular, indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Ni¿o--Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for 1950--2004 are analyzed. The methods based on phase dynamics modeling and nonlinear "Granger causality" are used. We infer that ENSO affects NAO during the last half a century with confidence probability higher than 0.95. The influence is characterized with time delay in the range from a couple of months up to three years and increases during the last decade.

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Abstract

Keywords
Mathematical Geophysics, Time series analysis (1872, 4277, 4475), Atmospheric Processes, Climatology (1616, 1620, 3305, 4215, 8408), Oceanography, Physical, ENSO, Nonlinear Geophysics, Instruments and techniques
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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