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Saffer & Bekins 2006
Saffer, D.M. and Bekins, B.A. (2006). An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics. Journal of Geophysical Research 111: doi: 10.1029/2005JB003990. issn: 0148-0227.

At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediment is off-scraped from the subducting plate. Mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying basal and internal shear strength. Here, we combine a numerical model of groundwater flow with critical taper theory to quantify the effects of sediment and d¿collement permeability, sediment thickness, sediment partitioning between accretion and underthrusting, and plate convergence rate on steady state pore pressure. Our results show that pore pressure in accretionary wedges can be viewed as a dynamically maintained response to factors which drive pore pressure (source terms) and those that limit flow (permeability and drainage path length). We find that sediment permeability and incoming sediment thickness are the most important factors, whereas fault permeability and the partitioning of sediment have a small effect. For our base case model scenario, as sediment permeability is increased, pore pressure decreases from near-lithostatic to hydrostatic values and allows stable taper angles to increase from ~2.5¿ to 8¿--12.5¿. With increased sediment thickness in our models (from 100 to 8000 m), increased pore pressure drives a decrease in stable taper angle from 8.4¿--12.5¿ to 15¿ to <4¿) with increased sediment thickness (from <1 to 7 km). One key implication is that hydrologic properties may strongly influence the strength of the crust in a wide range of geologic settings.

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Abstract

Keywords
Marine Geology and Geophysics, Marine hydrogeology, Marine Geology and Geophysics, Subduction zone processes (1031, 3613, 8170, 8413), Structural Geology, Mechanics, theory, and modeling, Structural Geology, Role of fluids, Tectonophysics, Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle, general
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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