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Basu & Coppi 1983
Basu, B. and Coppi, B. (1983). Localized plasma depletion in the ionosphere and the equatorial spread F. Geophysical Research Letters 10. doi: 10.1029/GL010i009p00900. issn: 0094-8276.

A spatially localized gravity driven instability is proposed to be the likely candidate for the observed kilometer scale-size density irregularities in the bottomside equatorial F region. It is noted that the classical Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which relies on the frozen-in condition (implying E ⋅ B=0) and is of the flute-type (k ⋅ B=0), is not campatible with the experimental observations of density perturbations that have a finite extent along the magnetic field lines, while dissipative localized modes, which allow the plasma to move through the magnetic field as a result of finite electrical resistivity effects are consistent with such experimental findings. These modes have three-dimensional structures with wavelengths in the east-west direction (&lgr;ϕ) of the order of a few kilometers.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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