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Kelly & Vickrey 1984
Kelly, J.D. and Vickrey, J.F. (1984). F-region ionospheric structure associated with antisunward flow near the daysside polar cusp. Geophysical Research Letters 11: doi: 10.1029/GL011i009p00907. issn: 0094-8276.

After one year of measurements using the Sondrestrom incoherent-scatter radar (74¿ &Lgr;), a number of repeatable features have been identified that interrelate the F-region ionization and plasma convection patterns. One of these is an extended (poleward) ridge of ionization frequently present overhead near magnetic local noon. This ionization enhancement is associated with large ion drift velocities with a significant poleward component. Similar ionization features have been reported and thought to be produced by convection of F layer plasma through an ionization source-soft particle precipitation associated with the polar cusp. In this study, however, we are able to measure the electron temperature is not elevated within the density enhancement suggesting and the enhancement is not caused by local soft particle precipitation. Rather, it may simply be F-region plasma convected from lower latitudes with correspondingly lower solar zenith angles.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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