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Khalil & Rasmussen 1984
Khalil, M.A.K. and Rasmussen, R.A. (1984). Statistical analysis of trace gases in arctic haze. Geophysical Research Letters 11: doi: 10.1029/GL011i005p00437. issn: 0094-8276.

A large number of anthropogenic trace gases arising from combustion processes such as in power plants and automobiles are found to be more abundant in regions of arctic haze when compared to their concentrations in cleaner background air. The excess of concentrations of a trace gas observed in the haze is greatest for short-lived gases and least for the longer-liver species. Included among these gases are CO2, CO, C2-C6 hydrocarbons, and N2O. High concentrations of anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons are also found in arctic haze, including F-11, F-12, CC14, CH3CCl3, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, and chloroform. The lack of excess CH3Cl in the haze suggests that low temperature combustion such as burning of wood does not contribute to arctic haze. The Soviet Union and Europe, because they are industrialized and have large populations at higher latitudes (>50¿N), are potential source regions for both these groups of anthropogenic trace gases.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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