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Fitzenreiter et al. 1984
Fitzenreiter, R.J., Klimas, A.J. and Scudder, J.D. (1984). Detection of bump-on-tail reduced electron velocity distributions at the electron foreshock boundary. Geophysical Research Letters 11: doi: 10.1029/GL011i005p00496. issn: 0094-8276.

Reduced velocity distributions are derived from three-dimensional measurements of the velocity distribution of electrons in the 7-500 eV range in the electron foreshock. Bump-on-tail reduced distributions are presented for the first time at the foreshock boundary consistent with Filbert and Kellogg's proposed time-of-flight mechanism for generating the electron beams. In a significant number of boundary crossings, bump-on-tail reduced distributions were found in consecutive 3 sec measurements made 9 sec apart. We conclude that, although the beams are linearly unstable to plasma waves according to the Penrose criterion, they persist on a time scale of 3-15 sec.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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