Observing, modeling, and forecasting systems have been undergoing rapid development in the past two to three decades. For example, Atlantic hurricanes are closely monitored by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA),National Weather Service through a significantly improved upper-air and ground-based observational network supplemented by aircraft, ship, and ocean buoy data. Given initial conditions and lateral boundary conditions provided by larger-scale model analyses, regional models have been widely utilized to predict hurricane track and intensity