We examined shear wave splitting in SKS phases from a large event recorded by a temporary array across southern Taiwan. The span extends from the western plain to the east coast. We applied particle motion and cross correlation methods to estimate its polarization directions and delay times. Analysis shows clear evidence of splitting except stations on the east coast. The fast split-shear wave along this transect are approximately parallel to the strike of the mountain belt (NE-SW). The delay times show a short-wavelength variation and are well correlated to the surface geology. The largest split time is about 1.6 sec located at Eastern Central Mountain Range and indicates its possible mantle origin. Implications suggest that anisotropy is related to the collision tectonics which built the Taiwan islands, and that this tectonic compression involved the lithosphere and is characterized by a strong coherent deformation of the upper mantle and the crust.