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Greenstadt & Mellot 1985
Greenstadt, E.W. and Mellot, M.M. (1985). Variable field-to-normal angles in the shock foreshock boundary observed by ISEE 1 and 2. Geophysical Research Letters 12: doi: 10.1029/GL012i003p00129. issn: 0094-8276.

Saturated ULF waves in the foreshock, with amplitudes comparable to the magnitude of the average field, are convected by the solar wind to the quasi-parallel shock where the average field-normal angle is less than, or about, 45¿. Several examples from ISEE 1 and 2 magnetometer data show waves that defined local, instantaneous field-normal angles very different periodically from the average. Local geometric conditions at the nominally quasi-parallel shock varied from nearly parallel to nearly perpendicular, at the periods of typical upstream waves. Clear magnetic shock transitions occurred under temporarily quasi-perpendicular geometry.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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