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Straub et al. 2007
Straub, D.J., Lee, T. and Collett, J.L. (2007). Chemical composition of marine stratocumulus clouds over the eastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 112: doi: 10.1029/2006JD007439. issn: 0148-0227.

Samples of marine cloud water collected over the eastern Pacific Ocean have been analyzed for pH, major ions (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, Na+, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, S(IV), Fe, Mn, and total organic carbon. The samples were obtained during the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus, Phase II (DYCOMS-II) field project in July 2001. These measurements represent a unique in situ description of cloud water composition for stratocumulus clouds residing in the remote marine boundary layer, a regime for which there are few published cloud water composition data. A wide range of concentrations was observed for each species of interest, including sodium (36--2784 5N), sulfate (15--905 5N), nitrate (3--205 5N), hydrogen peroxide (37.8--283.2 5M), formaldehyde (2.2--8.7 5M) and Fe (5g L-1). Chloride and potassium were present in expected seawater ratios while sulfate, magnesium, and calcium were enriched to varying degrees. Trends in cloud water concentrations with cloud liquid water content (LWC) and volume mean drop diameter show that dilution played a role in cloud drop solute concentration variations during individual flights and that solute concentrations are related to cloud drop size and ultimately to below-cloud aerosol number concentration. Air equivalent concentrations (the amount of a solute in cloud water per unit volume of air) were derived in order to eliminate concentration dependence on LWC and to allow comparison with previous aerosol, trace gas, and cloud water studies. The analysis indicates that background marine conditions were not always encountered during the DYCOMS-II mission as a result of anthropogenic or biogenic sources impacting the study region.

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Abstract

Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Troposphere, constituent transport and chemistry, Atmospheric Processes, Boundary layer processes, Atmospheric Processes, Clouds and aerosols
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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