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Bruce Watson 1986
Bruce Watson, E. (1986). Immobility of reduced carbon along grain boundaries in dunite. Geophysical Research Letters 13: doi: 10.1029/GL013i006p00529. issn: 0094-8276.

Carbon-14 radiotracer experiments at 10 kbar (1 GPa) and 1000¿-1200¿C reveal that, due to low diffusivity or low solubility (or both), carbon is immobile in the grain boundary regions of natural dunite. Within the resolution of the beta-track mapping technique, grain boundary diffusion of carbon from a pure graphite source is not detectable in experiments of up to 10 days duration at 1200¿C, even though measurable volume diffusion profiles are generated at these conditions (D~3-4¿10-10 cm2/s, in agreement with previous estimates). The documented immobility of carbon in dunite grain boundaries precludes development of a continuous carbon film by diffusion from an initially localized source. If such a film is the cause of the mantle high-conductivity layer, it probably originated by a process involving fluid (CO/CO2) infiltration and subsequent reduction.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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