GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Silicate Earth 22 Ti 0.004           ppm McDonough 2004 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.01           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.02           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.02           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Ocean Arc Xenoliths 22 Ti 0.02 0.02 0.02     21   Pearson et al. 2004 Carbonates 22 Ti 0.03   0.98     162 wt%ox Mirota & Veizer 1994 Core 22 Ti 0.03           ppm McDonough 2004 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.03           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.03           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.03           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.03           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Terrigenous Sediments   TiO2/Al2O3 0.037   0.004     58   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay   TiO2/Al2O3 0.039   0.014     9   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 22 Ti 0.04           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate 22 Ti 0.044         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Sediments   TiO2/Al2O3 0.046   0.009     32   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ben Othman et al. 1989 Clastic Turbidites   TiO2/Al2O3 0.05   0.004     36   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.05           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 0.05 0.04 0.05     232   Pearson et al. 2004 Granites 22 Ti 0.05         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Silicified Limestone 22 Ti 0.05           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Subducted Sediment   TiO2/Al2O3 0.0503   0.0028     346   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Sediments   TiO2/Al2O3 0.052   0.007     13   Plank & Langmuir 1998 McLennan et al. 1990 Carbonate Turbidites   TiO2/Al2O3 0.053   0.01     87   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Red Clay   TiO2/Al2O3 0.053   0.014     33   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonates 22 Ti 0.06         50 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 CO Chondrites 22 Ti 0.06   0.01     106 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Garnet Peridotites 22 Ti 0.06           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 H Ordinary Chondrites 22 Ti 0.06           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Mason 1965 Radiolarites   TiO2/Al2O3 0.061   0.026     23   Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay   TiO2/Al2O3 0.0613   0.011     55   Plank & Langmuir 1998 CO Chondrites 22 Ti 0.07   0.02     36 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.07           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Eucrites 22 Ti 0.07           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Spinel Peridotites 22 Ti 0.07           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 22 Ti 0.07   0.003     17 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Solid Earth 22 Ti 0.071           wt% Allegre et al. 1995 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 0.0734           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.08           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Oceanic Island Xenoliths 22 Ti 0.08 0.04 0.08     16   Pearson et al. 2004 South African Garnet Peridotites 22 Ti 0.08           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Boyd & Mertzman 1987 Australian Granite 22 Ti 0.09         13 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Inger & Harris 1993 Dunites 22 Ti 0.09         78 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 22 Ti 0.09         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mantle Xenoliths 22 Ti 0.09           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 22 Ti 0.09 0.09 0.09     361 wt%ox McDonough 1990 Carbonates 22 Ti 0.1         2038 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Arc Xenoliths 22 Ti 0.1 0.09 0.05     28   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 0.1 0.08 0.09     273   Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Rift Xenoliths 22 Ti 0.1 0.11 0.07     23   Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.1           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Earth 22 Ti 0.1           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Goalpara Ureilite 22 Ti 0.1           wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mars Mantle 22 Ti 0.1           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Sanloup 1999 Phosphoria Formation 22 Ti 0.1         61 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Solid Mars 22 Ti 0.1   0.9       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Solid Mars 22 Ti 0.1   0.9       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Hamilton et al. 2001 Wyatt et al. 2001 Garnet Peridotites 22 Ti 0.11           wt%ox McDonough 1990 Jordan 1979 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.12           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Ocean Island Peridotite 22 Ti 0.12           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 22 Ti 0.12         20 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Chert 22 Ti 0.123         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Shallowater Aubrite 22 Ti 0.128             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Keil et al. 1989 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.13           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.13           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Depleted D-MORB basalts 22 Ti 0.13           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Mantle 22 Ti 0.13     0.12 0.15   wt% Walter 2004 Mantle 22 Ti 0.13           wt% Walter 2004 Mars Mantle 22 Ti 0.13           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke & Dreibus 1988 Radiolarites 22 Ti 0.13           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.14           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Mars Mantle 22 Ti 0.14           wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1997 Ocean Island Peridotite 22 Ti 0.14           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 0.142           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 0.143   0.0143       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 Allende Meteorite 22 Ti 0.15           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Chassigny Achondrite 22 Ti 0.15           wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mead Peak Phosphatic Shale Member 22 Ti 0.15         41 wt%ox Gulbrandsen 1966 Northern Blake Plateau Phosphorites 22 Ti 0.15         8 wt%ox Manheim et al. 1980 Periodotite Massifs 22 Ti 0.15           wt% Walter 2004 Bonatti et al. 1986 Depleted MORB Mantle Orthopyroxene 22 Ti 0.16           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Kamchatka Trench 22 Ti 0.16           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.16           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.16           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 0.16           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Australian Granite 22 Ti 0.17         6 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Central America Trench 22 Ti 0.17           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.17           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.17           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Sandstones 22 Ti 0.17           wt%ox Condie 1993 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 0.17           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Green et al. 1979 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.18           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Low Si-Mg Mantle 22 Ti 0.18           wt% Walter 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.18           wt% Walter 2004 Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.18           wt%ox Allegre et al. 1995 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.181           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.181           wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.181           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Aubres Aubrite 22 Ti 0.185             Mittlefehldt 2004 Easton 1985 Wolf et al. 1983 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.19           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.19           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 ALHA 77257 Urelite 22 Ti 0.2             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 Izu-Bonin Trench 22 Ti 0.2           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 0.2           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 0.2           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Ocean Island Peridotite 22 Ti 0.2           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.2           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.2           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Ringwood 1979 Pyrolites 22 Ti 0.2           wt% Walter 2004 McDougall & Sun 1995 Pyrolites 22 Ti 0.2           wt% Walter 2004 Ringwood 1979 Vega 2 22 Ti 0.2   0.1       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1986 Venus Mantle 22 Ti 0.2           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.201           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.201           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 0.201           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Radiolarites 22 Ti 0.202         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.204           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Anderson 1983 Hydrothermal Sediment 22 Ti 0.207         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.21           wt%ox McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.21           wt% Walter 2004 Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.21           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Venus Mantle 22 Ti 0.21           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.217           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.217           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.217           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 0.217           wt%ox McDonough & Sun 1995 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Olivine Chondrules 22 Ti 0.22     0.17 0.3 3 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Xenolites 22 Ti 0.22           wt% Walter 2004 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.225           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.23           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.23           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Peninsular Range Batholith 22 Ti 0.23           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.23           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Palme & Nickel 1985 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 0.23           wt%ox McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme & Nickel 1985 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 22 Ti 0.233         5 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Venus Mantle 22 Ti 0.24           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Lodders & Fegley 1998 Boninites 22 Ti 0.25         348 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.25           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.25           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 22 Ti 0.25           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 22 Ti 0.25           wt%ox Condie 1993 Sandstones 22 Ti 0.25           wt%ox Condie 1993 Radiolarites 22 Ti 0.254         17 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Harzburgites 22 Ti 0.26         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.26           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.27           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Granites 22 Ti 0.27           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Whalen et al. 1987 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.27           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.28           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.28           wt%ox Condie 1993 Granites 22 Ti 0.28         1226 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Granites 22 Ti 0.28           wt%ox Condie 1993 Rhyolites 22 Ti 0.28         554 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.29           wt%ox Condie 1993 Archean Amphibolites 22 Ti 0.3           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1981 Komatiites 22 Ti 0.3           wt%ox Condie 1993 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 0.3           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.3           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Granites 22 Ti 0.31         2236 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.31           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Peru Trench 22 Ti 0.31           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.32           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Gao et al. 1998a Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.34           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.34           wt%ox Condie 1993 Moon 22 Ti 0.34           ppm Morgan et al. 1978 Ganapathy & Anders 1974 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.34         355 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.34           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.35           wt%ox Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.35           wt%ox Condie 1993 Japan Trench 22 Ti 0.35           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kuriles Trench 22 Ti 0.35           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.36           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Havero Urelite 22 Ti 0.36             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Y-791491 Lodranite 22 Ti 0.36             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Interlayered Clay & Chert 22 Ti 0.365         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 22 Ti 0.365         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 22 Ti 0.37         87 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Shalka Diogenite 22 Ti 0.37             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Mittlefehldt 1994 Australian Granite 22 Ti 0.38           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.38           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.39           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.39           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Silicic Precambrian Granulites 22 Ti 0.39         23 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Felsic Archean Granulites 22 Ti 0.4 0.36       379 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Granites 22 Ti 0.4           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Pena Blanca Spring Aubrite 22 Ti 0.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wolf et al. 1983 Lodders et al. 1993 Sandstones 22 Ti 0.4           wt%ox Condie 1993 Australian Granite 22 Ti 0.41         1074 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Wormald & Price 1988 Chert 22 Ti 0.41           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Granites 22 Ti 0.41         402 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Shales   Ti/Sc 0.41             Condie 1993 Brown Clay 22 Ti 0.415         29 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Archean Canadian Shield 22 Ti 0.42           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Cameron et al. 1979 Early Archean Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.42           wt%ox Condie 1993 Lherzolites 22 Ti 0.42         177 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.43           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Chert 22 Ti 0.431         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 22 Ti 0.44         704 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Chappell & White 1992 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.45           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.45           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.45           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Late Archean Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.45           wt%ox Condie 1993 Archean Terrains 22 Ti 0.46           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Shaw et al. 1967 Early Archean Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.46           wt%ox Condie 1993 South Sandwich Trench 22 Ti 0.46           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.46         553 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.46         641 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diatom Oozes & Clay 22 Ti 0.464         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 22 Ti 0.478         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite 22 Ti 0.48         8 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.48           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Zipfel & Worner 1992 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 22 Ti 0.48 0.43       222 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Island Arcs 22 Ti 0.48           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Late Archean Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.48           wt%ox Condie 1993 MAC 88177 Lodranite 22 Ti 0.48             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Tonga Trench 22 Ti 0.488           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Archean Canadian Shield 22 Ti 0.49           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Goodwin 1978 Archean Canadian Shield 22 Ti 0.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Archean Lower Crust 22 Ti 0.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Archean Terrains 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 22 Ti 0.5           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Rogers 1978 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Canil & O'Neill 1996 Granulites 22 Ti 0.5           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Weaver & Tarney 1982 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Taylor & McLennan 1985 McDonough & Sun 1995 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 22 Ti 0.5   0.011     28 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.5           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Arenaceous Rocks 22 Ti 0.52         2754 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.52           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Felsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.52         972 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Precambrian Canadian Shield 22 Ti 0.52           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.53           wt%ox Condie 1993 Ademellites 22 Ti 0.54         113 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.54         723 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.54           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Tinguaites 22 Ti 0.54         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Fahrig & Eade 1968 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1967 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.54           wt%ox Condie 1993 Interior North China Craton 22 Ti 0.55           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Philip Trench 22 Ti 0.55           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 22 Ti 0.55           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.55           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.55           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1976 Radiolarian Clay 22 Ti 0.553         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Vanuatu Trench 22 Ti 0.558           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Graywackes 22 Ti 0.56           wt%ox Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.56           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Yangtze Craton 22 Ti 0.56           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 22 Ti 0.567         15 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.57           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Peridotite 22 Ti 0.57           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Granulites 22 Ti 0.57 0.49       650 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Mexico Trench 22 Ti 0.57           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.57           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke 1889 Dacites 22 Ti 0.58         578 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.58           wt%ox Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.58           wt%ox Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.58           wt%ox Condie 1993 Diatome Mud 22 Ti 0.582         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.59         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.59           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 East Sunda Trench 22 Ti 0.591           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Archean Terrains 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Weaver & Tarney 1984 EET 84302 Acapulcoite 22 Ti 0.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Felsic Granulites 22 Ti 0.6         137 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Liu et al. 2001 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Taylor & McLennan 1995 Mars Soil 22 Ti 0.6   0.25       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Fegley & Cameron 1987 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 22 Ti 0.6           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt%ox Condie 1993 Nepheline Syenites 22 Ti 0.6         108 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Rhyodacites 22 Ti 0.6         63 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Borodin 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.6           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Winonaite Pontlyfni 22 Ti 0.6             Mittlefehldt 2004 Graham et al. 1977 Davis et al. 1977 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.606         55 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Graywackes 22 Ti 0.61           wt%ox Condie 1993 Interior North China Craton 22 Ti 0.61           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Metafelsic Volcanics 22 Ti 0.61         41 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Nankai Trench 22 Ti 0.61           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.61         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.61           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Yangtze Craton 22 Ti 0.61           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ocean Island Peridotite 22 Ti 0.62           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Paleozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.62           wt%ox Condie 1993 Phonolites 22 Ti 0.62         320 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Post-Archean Terrrains 22 Ti 0.62           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Eade & Fahrig 1971 Shales 22 Ti 0.62           wt%ox Condie 1993 Subducted Sediment 22 Ti 0.62   0.04       wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.627         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.627         56 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Chondrules 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Depleted MORB Mantle Clinopyroxene 22 Ti 0.63           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 DSDP/ODP Site 801 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Condie 1993 Johnstown Diogenite 22 Ti 0.63             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Condie 1993 North Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Peridotites 22 Ti 0.63         103 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Ryuku Trench 22 Ti 0.63           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Anorthosites 22 Ti 0.64         97 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Interior North China Craton 22 Ti 0.64           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Island Arc Andesite 22 Ti 0.64         32 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.64           wt%ox Condie 1993 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 22 Ti 0.64     0.3 1.1 5 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Shales 22 Ti 0.64           wt%ox Condie 1993 South Margin of North China Craton 22 Ti 0.64           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.64           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.64           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.64   0.08       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Websterites 22 Ti 0.64         199 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Zeolite Clay 22 Ti 0.64         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.643         6 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.65           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Island Arcs 22 Ti 0.65         323 wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Silver & Chappell 1998 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.65           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Mars Rocks 22 Ti 0.65   0.13       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Ocean Island Peridotite 22 Ti 0.65           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 Yangtze Craton 22 Ti 0.65           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Yangtze Craton 22 Ti 0.65           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diatome Ooze 22 Ti 0.652         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 22 Ti 0.658         16 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 800 22 Ti 0.66           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.66           wt%ox Condie 1993 South Margin of North China Craton 22 Ti 0.66           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 22 Ti 0.66   0.004     95 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Winonaite Tierra Blanca 22 Ti 0.66             Mittlefehldt 2004 Kallemeyn & Wasson 1985 Jarosweich 1990 Kerm Trench 22 Ti 0.669           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.67           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Cratonic Peridotite 22 Ti 0.67           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Smith et al. 1991 Interior North China Craton 22 Ti 0.67           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.67           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.67           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998 Metalliferous Clay 22 Ti 0.671         12 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.68           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust 22 Ti 0.68           wt%ox Condie 1993 Sediments 22 Ti 0.68           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 South Margin of North China Craton 22 Ti 0.68           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.68           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.68           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Turbidites 22 Ti 0.688         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andaman Trench 22 Ti 0.69           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 22 Ti 0.69         47 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Arenaceous Rocks 22 Ti 0.69         121 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.69           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 East China Craton 22 Ti 0.69           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mars Rocks 22 Ti 0.69   0.138       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.69   0.04       wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.69           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 New Hebrides Islands 22 Ti 0.69         65 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 South Margin of North China Craton 22 Ti 0.69           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Sumatra Trench 22 Ti 0.69           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Acapulcoite Primitive Achondrites 22 Ti 0.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Yanai & Kojima 1991 Zipfel et al. 1995 Active Continental Rifts 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Archean Terrains 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Smithson 1978 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Holland & Lambert 1972 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Continental Shields & Platforms 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ferruginous Clay 22 Ti 0.7         2 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mars Soil 22 Ti 0.7   0.25       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 22 Ti 0.7   2.5       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mars Soil 22 Ti 0.7   0.25       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Clark et al. 1982 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 0.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Condie 1993 North Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Paleozoic Orogens 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 South Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Trachytes 22 Ti 0.7         483 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Yangtze Craton 22 Ti 0.7           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Java Trench 22 Ti 0.71           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marianas Trench 22 Ti 0.71           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Antilles Trench 22 Ti 0.71           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.71           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Alaska Trench 22 Ti 0.72           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.72           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gibson Lodranite 22 Ti 0.72             Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Graywackes 22 Ti 0.72           wt%ox Condie 1993 Greywackes 22 Ti 0.72           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Middle Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.72           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Turbidites 22 Ti 0.723         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aleutian Trench 22 Ti 0.73           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.73           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Tonalites 22 Ti 0.73         83 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 22 Ti 0.74           wt%ox Condie 1993 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 22 Ti 0.74           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 McSween 1977 Graywackes 22 Ti 0.74           wt%ox Condie 1993 Metamorphic Rocks 22 Ti 0.74           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Poldervaart 1955 South Margin of North China Craton 22 Ti 0.74           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.75           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Makran Trench 22 Ti 0.75           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Mars Soil 22 Ti 0.75   0.15       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Pelites 22 Ti 0.75         69 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 South Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.75           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Type F Aggregates 22 Ti 0.75           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Wark 1979 Andesites 22 Ti 0.76           wt%ox Condie 1993 DSDP/ODP Site 801 22 Ti 0.76           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interior North China Craton 22 Ti 0.76           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Radiolarian Clay 22 Ti 0.76         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 22 Ti 0.76         11 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 22 Ti 0.76         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.76   0.043       wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Clastic Turbidites 22 Ti 0.767         28 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cascadia Trench 22 Ti 0.77           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.77           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.77           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Graywackes 22 Ti 0.77           wt%ox Condie 1993 Graywackes 22 Ti 0.77           wt%ox Condie 1993 Tonalites 22 Ti 0.77           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Wedepohl 1991 Arth et al. 1978 Ermanovics et al. 1979 Tarney et al. 1979 Schermerhorn 1987 Paradis et al. 1988 Pohl & Emmermann 1991 Tepper et al. 1993 Tonalites 22 Ti 0.77           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Andesites 22 Ti 0.78           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 22 Ti 0.78         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Conticelli et al. 1997 Luzon Basalt 22 Ti 0.78         24 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Monzonites 22 Ti 0.78         252 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Green Clay 22 Ti 0.782         3 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aleutian Basalts 22 Ti 0.79         66 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 22 Ti 0.79         142 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 East China Craton 22 Ti 0.79           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 22 Ti 0.79   0.122     6 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Active Continental Rifts 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Andesites 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Condie 1993 Continental Arcs 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Ronov & Yaroshevsky 1967 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Vinogradov 1962 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Ronov & Yaroshevskiy 1969 Continental Shields & Platforms 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 22 Ti 0.8           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Upper Continental Crust   Ti/Ti* 0.804             Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 22 Ti 0.81 0.79       48 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Kermadec Basalts 22 Ti 0.81         36 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Latites 22 Ti 0.81         146 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Pelites 22 Ti 0.81         1341 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Precambrian Granulites 22 Ti 0.81         88 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mars Rocks 22 Ti 0.82   0.164       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 N-MORB 22 Ti 0.82           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Shales 22 Ti 0.82           wt%ox Condie 1993 Shales   Ti/Sc 0.82             Condie 1993 Basalts 22 Ti 0.83         10 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Granulites 22 Ti 0.83 0.71       591 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Intermediate Granulites 22 Ti 0.83         136 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 22 Ti 0.83 0.78       106 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Precambrian Granulites 22 Ti 0.83         26 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.83           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Goldschmidt 1933 Shales   Ti/Sc 0.84             Condie 1993 Syenites 22 Ti 0.84         436 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Watson IIE Iron 22 Ti 0.84             Mittlefehldt 2004 Olsen et al. 1994 Lesser Antilles Basalt 22 Ti 0.85         84 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.85           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 North Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 0.85           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Ocean Island Peridotite 22 Ti 0.85           wt% Pearson et al. 2004 Sen 1988 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 22 Ti 0.85     0.74 0.96 2 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Ashy Clay 22 Ti 0.851         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 0.852         8 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 22 Ti 0.86           wt%ox Condie 1993 Diorite 22 Ti 0.86         260 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 22 Ti 0.86   0.003     114 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 22 Ti 0.87         2203 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Cascade Basalt 22 Ti 0.87         60 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 South Antilles Trench 22 Ti 0.87           wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andesites 22 Ti 0.88           wt%ox Condie 1993 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.88           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Orangeite 22 Ti 0.88         114 wt% Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 N-MORB   Ti/Ti* 0.884             Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 22 Ti 0.89   0.086     7 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 ODP Site 735   Ti/Ti* 0.891 0.735       22   Hart et al. 1999 Brown Clay 22 Ti 0.893         4 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andean Andesites 22 Ti 0.9           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Bailey 1981 Archean Canadian Shield 22 Ti 0.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Arcs 22 Ti 0.9           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.9           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Christensen & Mooney 1995 IAB Landes 22 Ti 0.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Bild 1977 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.9           wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 0.9           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Krot et al. 2001 N-MORB 22 Ti 0.9           wt% Workman & Hart 2005 Presnall & Hoover 1987 Oceans Surface water 22 Ti 0.9           µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Griel & Robinson 1952 Rifted Continental Margins 22 Ti 0.9           wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ca-Al-rich Inclusions 22 Ti 0.91           wt%ox Bischoff & Keil 1983 Island Arc Andesite 22 Ti 0.91         503 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mars Rocks 22 Ti 0.91   0.182       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 0.92           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Kamchatka Basalt 22 Ti 0.92         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mars Rocks 22 Ti 0.92   0.184       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Least-Altered Basalt at ODP/DSDP Site 504 22 Ti 0.94   0.09     58 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Tongan Basalts 22 Ti 0.94         70 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 22 Ti 0.95           wt%ox Condie 1993 Diorites 22 Ti 0.95         755 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.95           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Mafic Archean Granulites 22 Ti 0.95 0.96       101 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mars Rocks 22 Ti 0.95   0.19       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 0.95         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Solar System 22 Ti 0.95           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 Andesites 22 Ti 0.958         50 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Basaltic Glass at ODP/DSDP Site 504 22 Ti 0.97   0.07     51 wt%ox Alt et al. 1986 Basalts 22 Ti 0.97           wt%ox Condie 1993 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 22 Ti 0.97 0.95       132 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 0.97           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 0.97         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Continental Arc Andesite 22 Ti 0.98         497 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Basalts 22 Ti 0.99           wt%ox Condie 1993 Core 22 Ti 0           µg/g McDonough 1998 Continental Crust 22 Ti 1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 22 Ti 1           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 22 Ti 1 0.84       266 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 22 Ti 1 1.02       78 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Norites 22 Ti 1         188 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Seawater 22 Ti 1           ppb Li 1982 Central East China Craton 22 Ti 1.01           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Marianas Basalt 22 Ti 1.01         168 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Binda Eucrite 22 Ti 1.02             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Central American Basalts 22 Ti 1.02         78 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Mars Soil 22 Ti 1.02   0.204       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Serra De Mage Eucrite 22 Ti 1.02             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Andes Basalt 22 Ti 1.03         56 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Honshu Basalt 22 Ti 1.03         137 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Granulitic Xenolites 22 Ti 1.04 0.91       347 wt%ox Rudnick & Presper 1990 Greater Antilles Basalt 22 Ti 1.04         21 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Gao et al. 1998a Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.04           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Igneous Rocks 22 Ti 1.05         22775 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Scotia Island Basalt 22 Ti 1.06         41 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.07           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Clarke & Washington 1924 Mars Soil 22 Ti 1.08   0.216       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Trachyandesites 22 Ti 1.08         223 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.1           wt%ox Weaver & Tarney 1984 Goldschmidt 1933 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 22 Ti 1.1           wt% Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Gabbros 22 Ti 1.1           wt%ox Wedepohl 1995 Le Maitre 1976 N-MORB 22 Ti 1.11           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Gabbros 22 Ti 1.12         1317 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.12           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Staudigel et al. 1995 Smith et al. 1995 Hart & Staudigel 1989 Staudigel et al. 1989 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.13           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Dolerites 22 Ti 1.14         687 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Venus N-MORB 22 Ti 1.15           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Wilson 1989 Mafic Intrusions 22 Ti 1.17         308 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 22 Ti 1.18           wt%ox Staudigel et al. 1996 Amphibolites 22 Ti 1.2         189 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Mars Soil 22 Ti 1.2   0.24       wt% McSween, Jr. 2004 Wanke et al. 2001 Melitite-rich Chondrules 22 Ti 1.2     1 1.5 10 wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Basalts 22 Ti 1.22         12 wt% Farmer 2004 Dungan et al. 1986 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 22 Ti 1.22         203 wt% Kelemen et al. 2004 Lujavrites 22 Ti 1.22         76 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Venera 14 Rocks 22 Ti 1.25   0.41       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 North Qinling Belt in China 22 Ti 1.26           wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Basalts 22 Ti 1.27         27 wt% Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 22 Ti 1.27           wt%ox Elliot et al. 1997 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 22 Ti 1.275         43 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 MORB Basaltic Glass 22 Ti 1.28           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Basalts 22 Ti 1.3         13 wt% Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Veramin Mesosiderite 22 Ti 1.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Powell 1971 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 22 Ti 1.32 1.25       95 wt%ox Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 1.33           wt% Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Ultrabasic Precambrian Granulites 22 Ti 1.33         14 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 ODP Site 735 22 Ti 1.342 1.035       22 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Frankfort Howardites 22 Ti 1.36             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 1.37         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Kimberlite 22 Ti 1.4         32 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Basalts 22 Ti 1.42           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 22 Ti 1.45           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basalts 22 Ti 1.45           wt%ox Condie 1993 N-MORB 22 Ti 1.47           wt% Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 Pyroxenites 22 Ti 1.47         106 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Mavic Volcanics 22 Ti 1.48         632 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Diabases 22 Ti 1.49         370 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 22 Ti 1.494         13 wt%ox Plank & Langmuir 1998 Basalts 22 Ti 1.5           wt%ox Condie 1993 Basic Precambrian Granulites 22 Ti 1.51         25 wt%ox Shaw et al. 1986 Barea Mesosiderite 22 Ti 1.52             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason & Jarosewich 1973 Mittlefehldt in press Basalts 22 Ti 1.52           wt%ox Condie 1993 MORB Basaltic Glass 22 Ti 1.53           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Mafic Granulites 22 Ti 1.54         128 wt%ox Gao et al. 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 1.58         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Venera 13 Rocks 22 Ti 1.59   0.45       wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Surkov et al. 1984 N-MORB 22 Ti 1.615           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Hofmann 1988 Ito et al. 1987 Smith et al. 1995 Hauri & Hart 1997 N-MORB 22 Ti 1.615   0.5491     26 wt%ox Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 Basalts 22 Ti 1.64         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 MORB Basaltic Glass 22 Ti 1.64           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 ALH 77005 Meteorite 22 Ti 1.7           ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Basalts 22 Ti 1.7         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 22 Ti 1.7         5 wt% Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Kimberlite 22 Ti 1.7         35 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti 1.7           wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Morgan & Anders 1980 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 22 Ti 1.71           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 22 Ti 1.72           wt% Klein 2004 Thompson et al. 1980 Tephrites 22 Ti 1.76         84 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Kapoeta Howardites 22 Ti 1.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Mincy Mesosiderite 22 Ti 1.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Basalts 22 Ti 1.81         7 wt% Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 E-MORB 22 Ti 1.83           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Basalts 22 Ti 1.84         3156 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Kimberlite 22 Ti 1.84         22 wt% Farmer 2004 Taylor et al. 1994 AII Fracture Zone Basalts 22 Ti 1.87           wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Johnson & Dick 1992 Estherville Mesosiderite 22 Ti 1.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Simpson & Ahrens 1977 Intra Stellar Medium 22 Ti 1.91   0.191         Palme & Jones 2004 Savage & Sembach 1996 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 1.97         36 wt% Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Tholeiites 22 Ti 1.98         190 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 22 Ti 1.99         8 wt%ox Hart et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 10           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1998 Seawater 22 Ti 10             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Orians & Bruland 1988 Orians & Bruland 1988 Shiller 1988 Orians et al. 1990 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 22 Ti 10.32         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 2 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 22 Ti 10.85         8 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Bambui Group 22 Ti 1000         14 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart 1974 Phosphoria Formation 22 Ti 1000         60 ppm Altschuller 1980 Gulbrandsen 1966 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 104           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 1050           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 1085           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 1085           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Marine Organisms 22 Ti 11           ppm Li 1991 Bowen 1979 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 22 Ti 11.1           wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 22 Ti 11.88         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Group 1 Lunar Crystalline Rocks 22 Ti 11.94         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Mishash Formation 22 Ti 110         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Mazor 1963 QUE 94201 Meteorite 22 Ti 11000   900       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Angrite Angra Dos Reis 22 Ti 12.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Shergotty Meteorite 22 Ti 12.8   1.3       ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Monterey Formation 22 Ti 1200         5 ppm Altschuller 1980 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 1200           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 1200           µg/g McDonough 1998 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 1205   120.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 1205   120.5       ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 ALH 84001 Meteorite 22 Ti 1240   70       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 1260           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 1280           ppm McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 1280   128       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 1280           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 1282           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 1300           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 1350           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 142           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 143   14.3       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 1512           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 15300           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Battle Creek Formation 22 Ti 1670         7 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Early Archean Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 17             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 18             Condie 1993 Enstatite Chondrites   Al/Ti 18.5   3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 19             Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 19             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 19             Condie 1993 Enstatite Chondrites   Ca/Ti 19.1   2.2         McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Al/Ti 19.5             McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Al/Ti 19.6   0.9         McDonough & Sun 1995 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Al/Ti 19.9   1.3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 191           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Ti/Gd 1937             Salters & Stracke 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 199           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 MORB Basaltic Glass 22 Ti 2.07           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Mugearites 22 Ti 2.09         55 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Chaunskij Mesosiderite 22 Ti 2.1             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt in press Petaev et al. 2000 Leucitic Basalt 22 Ti 2.13           wt% Fegley, Jr. 2004 Volkov et al. 1986 Nepheline Leucite Basalts 22 Ti 2.17         70 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 22 Ti 2.3         44 wt% Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Basalts 22 Ti 2.33         9 wt% Farmer 2004 Hoang & Flower 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 2.34         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Trachybasalts 22 Ti 2.4         155 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 22 Ti 2.5         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Zhang & O'Reilly 1997 Basanites 22 Ti 2.51         138 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 MORB Basaltic Glass 22 Ti 2.55           wt% Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735   Ti/Ti* 2.55         8   Hart et al. 1999 Moore County Eucrite 22 Ti 2.58             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Nephelinites 22 Ti 2.66         159 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Malvern Howardites 22 Ti 2.7             Mittlefehldt 2004 Palme et al. 1978 Miles IIE Iron 22 Ti 2.73             Mittlefehldt 2004 Ebihara et al. 1997 Basalts 22 Ti 2.96         4 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Early Archean Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 20             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 20             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Ti/Zr 20             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust   Ti/Zr 20             Condie 1993 Oulad Abdoun Basin 22 Ti 200         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Depleted D-MORB basalts   Ti/Gd 2020             Salters & Stracke 2004 Nakhla Meteorite 22 Ti 2020   250       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 CI Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21             McDonough & Sun 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 21             Condie 1993 Ordinary Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21   1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 21             Condie 1993 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ca/Ti 21.1   1.1         McDonough & Sun 1995 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 216         5   Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 22             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 22             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 22             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 22             Condie 1993 Spinel Peridotites   Al/Ti 22 22 29     361   McDonough 1990 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 23             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 23             Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 23.6           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 22 Ti 2340   440       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 2385           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 24             Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 24             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 24             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 24             Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust   Ti/Zr 24             Condie 1993 Solar System 22 Ti 2400   120     7   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 22 Ti 2400   120     7   Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 22 Ti 2400             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 248         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 25             Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 26             Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 26             Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 26             Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 26280           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 2664           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Johnson et al. 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 26640           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Upper Continental Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 27             Condie 1993 Alborz Mountains 22 Ti 270         3 ppm Altschuller 1980 Aval et al. 1968 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 2704           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 27600           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Upper Continental Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 28             Condie 1993 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 28260           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 283         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 La Caja Formation 22 Ti 295         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Rogers et al. 1956 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 3           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Hertogen et al. 1980 Rivers 22 Ti 3           ppb Li 1982 Basalts 22 Ti 3.02         23 wt% Farmer 2004 Paslick et al. 1995 Basalts 22 Ti 3.07         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Bone Valley Formation 22 Ti 3.1         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Basalts 22 Ti 3.12         8 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 22 Ti 3.12         3 wt% Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 1995 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 3.16         18 wt% Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Hawaiites 22 Ti 3.23         58 wt%ox Le Maitre 1976 Basalts 22 Ti 3.26         16 wt% Farmer 2004 Rogers et al. 1998 Petersburg Eucrites 22 Ti 3.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mason et al. 1979 Buchanan & Reid 1996 Nakhla Meteorite 22 Ti 3.5   0.5       ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Basalts 22 Ti 3.53         6 wt% Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Chassigny Meteorite 22 Ti 3.7           ppb McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 22 Ti 3.76         1 wt% Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Battle Creek Formation 22 Ti 300         17 ppm Altschuller 1980 De Keyser & Cook 1972 Colorado River Particulates 22 Ti 3000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Late Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 31             Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 22 Ti 3117           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 3120           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Early Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 32             Condie 1993 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 3200700           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Late Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 33             Condie 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 332         31   Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 3420           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Early Archean Upper Crust   Al2O3/TiO2 35             Condie 1993 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 3540720           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Primitive Mantle   Ti/Gd 36             Gao et al. 1998 Hofmann 1988 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 36.1           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Mekong River Particulates 22 Ti 3600           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 395         3   Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Sioux County Eucrite 22 Ti 4.08             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Macibini Eucrites 22 Ti 4.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Angrite LEW 87051 22 Ti 4.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt & Lindstrom 1990 Ibitira Eucrite 22 Ti 4.79             Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Nuevo Laredo Eucrite 22 Ti 4.9             Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Jerde 1987 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 4.95   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 Solar System 22 Ti 4.95   0.693         Palme & Jones 2004 Solar Photosphere 22 Ti 4.99   0.02         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Slope Lisbourne Group 22 Ti 40         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Patton & Matzko 1959 Belkinsk Akai Sayan 22 Ti 400         33 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 401           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Continental Crust 22 Ti 4010           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Bone Valley Formation 22 Ti 405         8 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 405           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Upper Continental Crust   Ti/Gd 41             Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 416           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 420           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 Continental Crust 22 Ti 4200           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Danube River Particulates 22 Ti 4200           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 MacKenzie River Particulates 22 Ti 4300           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 436           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 436   21.8     7 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 22 Ti 436         7 ppm Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 22 Ti 436         7 ppm Anders & Ebihara 1982 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 440           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 440           ppm McDonough & Sun 1995 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 451         18   Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 458   18.32       ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 458   18.32       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 Wolf & Palme 2001 Marine Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 4600           ppm Li 1982 Marine Pelagic Clay 22 Ti 4600           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 22 Ti 4600           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Marine Shales 22 Ti 4600           ppm Altschuller 1980 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 468         6   Farmer 2004 Lightfoot et al. 1990 Chassigny Meteorite 22 Ti 480   90       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Shergotty Meteorite 22 Ti 4900   430       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 22 Ti 498   53     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Solar Photosphere 22 Ti 5.02   0.06         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Comet Halley 22 Ti 5.18   0.18         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Jessberger et al. 1988 Solar Corona 22 Ti 5.24   0.12         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Breneman & Stone 1985 Solar Corona 22 Ti 5.24   0.13         Anders & Grevesse 1989 D'Orbigny Angrite 22 Ti 5.3             Mittlefehldt 2004 Mittlefehldt et al. 2002 Y-74450 Eucrites 22 Ti 5.4             Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Stannern Eucrite 22 Ti 5.8             Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Tamalyk Krasnoyarsk 22 Ti 500         38 ppm Altschuller 1980 Chaikina & Nikolskaya 1970 Garonne River Particulates 22 Ti 5000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Lower Continental Crust 22 Ti 5010           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 5036           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Spinel Peridotites   Ti/Eu 5200 4360 4000     49   McDonough 1990 Ganges River Particulates 22 Ti 5300           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Crust 22 Ti 5400           ppm Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 River Particulates 22 Ti 5600           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 5640900           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 568           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts   Ti/Y 578         1   Farmer 2004 Peate 1997 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 22 Ti 623   273     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 CI Chondrites 22 Ti 630           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Marine Phosphorites 22 Ti 640 405   40 1670 15 ppm Altschuller 1980 Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle 22 Ti 650           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Spinel Peridotites   Ti/Eu 6500 6520 4000     193   McDonough 1990 Manganese Nodules 22 Ti 6700           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 676           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002 Rio Negro River   Ti/Gd 68.5             Godfrey et al. 1996 Kolymar River   Ti/Gd 68.9             Godfrey et al. 1996 Aldan River   Ti/Gd 69.6             Godfrey et al. 1996 Lunar Soil 22 Ti 7.5         1 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Lunar Breccias 22 Ti 7.92         2 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Amazon River Particulates 22 Ti 7000           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Oceanic Crust 22 Ti 7000           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Depleted Mantle 22 Ti 716.3     666.5 756.1   ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Lena River   Ti/Gd 72.2             Godfrey et al. 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 720           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 73.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Stachel et al. 1998 Solimoes River   Ti/Gd 73.4             Godfrey et al. 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 22 Ti 730           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Enstatite Chondrites   Ti/Sc 74   7         McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites   Ti/Sc 74.3             McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 743           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Carbonaceous Chondrites   Ti/Sc 75   6         McDonough & Sun 1995 Ordinary Chondrites   Ti/Sc 75   3         McDonough & Sun 1995 Pungo River Formation 22 Ti 750         2 ppm Altschuller 1980 CI Chondrites   Ti/Eu 7600             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle   Ti/Eu 7600             McDonough 1990 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun & McDonough 1989 Sun 1982 Spinel Peridotites   Ti/Eu 7700 7440 2800     104   McDonough 1990 St. Lawrence River Particulates 22 Ti 7800           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle 22 Ti 792           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 795           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Depleted Mantle 22 Ti 798   95.76       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Lunar Breccias 22 Ti 8.87         6 wt%ox Compston et al. 1970 Parguaza River   Ti/Gd 81.2             Godfrey et al. 1996 Solid Earth 22 Ti 810           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 22 Ti 810           µg/g McDonough 1998 Niger River Particulates 22 Ti 8200           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Congo River Particulates 22 Ti 8400           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti 860           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Orinoco River Particulates 22 Ti 8600           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Dover Sandstone 22 Ti 900         4 ppm Altschuller 1980 Cathcart & Schmidt 1974 Orinoco River   Ti/Gd 91.4             Godfrey et al. 1996 Apure River   Ti/Gd 93.8             Godfrey et al. 1996 Parana River Particulates 22 Ti 9400           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 958           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Silicate Earth 22 Ti 960           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Oceanic Crust 22 Ti 9700           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Cratonic Xenoliths 22 Ti 978           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 CO Chondrites 22 Ti         0.04 8 wt% Scott & Krot 2004 Brearley 1993 Greshake 1997 Garnet Peridotites 22 Ti   0.09         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Kenna Ureilite 22 Ti         0.2   wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mercury Crustal Silicates 22 Ti       0.15 0.3   wt% Taylor & Scott 2004 Goettel 1988 Novo-Urei Ureilite 22 Ti         0.12   wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 22 Ti   0.13         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Primitive Mantle 22 Ti   0.21         wt%ox McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Seawater 22 Ti         20     Bruland 1983 Seawater 22 Ti         1   µg/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Griel & Robinson 1952 Seawater 22 Ti         0.02     Broeker & Peng 1982 Spinel Peridotites 22 Ti   0.09         wt%ox McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Ureilite Primitive Achondrites 22 Ti       0.12 0.18   wt%ox Boynton et al. 1976 Mason 1971