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| Detailed Reference Information |
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Yoder, H.S. and Tilley, C.E. (1962). Origin of basalt magmas; an experimental study of natural and synthetic rock systems. Journal of Petrology 3(3): 342-529. |
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The melting behavior of basalts and eclogites indicates that both are the partial melting products of a more primitive rock (e.g. garnet peridotite). In the region of magma generation (below 60 km) the parental material, presumed to be garnet peridotite, yields an eclogitic magma and its fractionation depends on the garnet and omphacite of the eclogite, not on plagioclase and clinopyroxene of a basaltic magma. Increase of the garnet constituents in the magma at high pressure by effective removal of omphacite or shift of the garnet-omphacite boundary 'surface' will give rise to a tholeiite-type magma at low pressure. Similarly, increase of the omphacite constituents in the magma at high pressure by physical or physicochemical means will give rise to an alkali basalt-type magma at low pressure. In general, alkali basalt-type magmas are to be expected to be generated at greater depths than tholeiite-type magmas from the same primary source rock. Establishment of the two major basalt series takes place in the region of generation; additional minor diversification of each series may come about after emplacement in or on the crust by crystal settling, oxidation or reduction, gas fluxing, contamination and other processes, The derivative magmas are greatly restricted by the course of liquid thermal descent imposed at generation.' |
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Keywords
Basalt magmas; Basalt systems; basalts; composition; East Pacific, Ocean Islands; eclogite; Eclogite-basalt transformation;, experimental; experimental studies; genesis of magmas;, geochemistry; Hawaii; igneous rocks; magmas; metamorphic rocks;, Mohorovicic discontinuity; Natural and synthetic; Oceania; origin;, petrology; phase equilibria; Polynesia; United States; volcanic, rocks, 05, Igneous and metamorphic petrology |
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Publisher
Oxford University Press
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