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Nakada 1987
Nakada, M.P. (1987). Parallel electric fields from ionospheric winds. Journal of Geophysical Research 92: doi: 10.1029/JA080i010p11248. issn: 0148-0227.

The possible production of electric fields parallel to the magnetic field by dynamo winds in the E region is examined, using a jet stream wind model. Current return paths through the F region above the stream are examined as well as return paths through the conjugate ionosphere. The Wulf geometry with horizontal winds moving in opposite directions one above the other is also examined. Parallel electric fields are found to depend strongly on the width of current sheets at the edges of the jet stream. If these are narrow enough, appreciable parallel electric fields are produced. These appear to be sufficient to heat the electrons which reduces the conductivity and produces further increases in parallel electric fields and temperatures. Calculations indicate that high enough temperatures for optical emission can be produced in less than 0.3 s. Some properties of auroras that might be produced by dynamo winds are examined; one property is a time delay in brightening at higher and lower altitudes. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1987

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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