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Detailed Reference Information
Mizera et al. 1976
Mizera, P.F., Croley, D.R. and Fennell, J.F. (1976). Electron pitch-angle distributions in an inverted ’V’ structure. Geophysical Research Letters 3: doi: 10.1029/GL003i003p00149. issn: 0094-8276.

The pitch-angle distributions of 0.36 to 28.5 keV electrons in an inverted 'V' structure show characteristics that are consistent with an acceleration due to an electric field above an altitude of 750 km. The peak of the energy flux increases from Ep?0.5 keV to Ep?10 keV and then decreases back to low energies over a 2¿-3¿ latitude interval and thus gives an inverted 'V' appearance on an energy-time spectrogram. As the energy (Ep) at the maximum energy flux increases, the reflected flux becomes essentially the same as the precipitated flux for E<Ep; while field-aligned enhancements are found only at E?Ep. The magnitude of these enhancements are consistent with a simple electric field model. The pitch-angle distributions of 28.5 keV electrons show a double loss cone at latitudes poleward of the inverted 'V' structure. These observations argue strongly for the existence of an electric field in a region of closed magnetic field lines.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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