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Hummer-Miller 1981
Hummer-Miller, S. (1981). Estimation of surface temperature variations due to changes in sky and solar flux elevation. Geophysical Research Letters 8: doi: 10.1029/GL008i006p00595. issn: 0094-8276.

Sky and solar radiance are of major importance in determining the ground temperature. Knowledge of their behavior is a fundamental part of surface temperature models. These two fluxes vary with elevation and this variation produces temperature changes. Therefore, when using thermal-property differences to discriminate geologic materials, these flux variations with elevation need to be considered. From a representative set of field observations, it was found that the flux variations with elevation can cause in the mean diurnal temperature gradient from -4¿ to -14¿C per km evaluated at 2000 m. Changes in the temperature-difference gradient of 1¿--2¿C per km are also produced which is equivalent to an effective thermal-inertia gradient of 100 W s1/2 m-2 K-1 per km. Thus, exposed bedrock on topographic ridges will appear to have a lower thermal inertia due to the additional effect.

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Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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