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Malcolm et al. 1984
Malcolm, R., Miles, C. and Tinsley, B.A. (1984). Field aligned observations of transequatorial bubbles from Rarotonga in 1969–70. Geophysical Research Letters 11: doi: 10.1029/GL011i007p00665. issn: 0094-8276.

A raster scanning photometer with 0.5¿ field of view was used in 1969--70 to make images in 6300 ¿ and 5577 ¿ emission from Rarotonga of tropical F region tranequatorial 'bubbles' or 'depletions.' From this site the F region plasma structures in the emission layer can be viewed in a magnetic field aligned configuration. A spatial resolution of approximately 15 km was achieved, and revealed a variety of shapes in the bubble cross sections, including 'bifurcations' and 'pinched off' bubbles. Eastward drift velocities averaged 125 ms-1. Tilts were usually westward at about 45¿ in the equatorial plane, but some were near zero and some were eastward. The tops reached apex heights of over 800 km. The structures appeared a little less diffuse in 5577 ¿ emission than in 6300 ¿ owing to less diffusion of O1S with its 0.75 sec. lifetime, than O1D with its 150 sec. lifetime.

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Abstract

Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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