GERM Reservoir Database
Development and Maintenance by the EarthRef.org Database Team

	GERM Database Search Results   Save as ... ================== Excel spreadsheet Tab delimited text file   Sort by ... =========== Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Reference =========== Default   Units ... ======= ppm ppb ppt wt% wt%ox ======= Default   Reservoir Z Element Value Median SD Low High N Unit Info Reference Source(s) Active Continental Rifts 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Active Continental Rifts 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Alaska Trench 64 Gd 3.61           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Aldan River   Ti/Gd 69.6             Godfrey et al. 1996 Aleutian Basalts 64 Gd 2.28         12 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Aleutian Trench 64 Gd 4.31           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 ALH 77005 Meteorite 64 Gd 0.92           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALH 84001 Meteorite 64 Gd 0.14           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 ALHA 77257 Urelite 64 Gd 12.4           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 ALHA 81101 Urelite 64 Gd 10.4           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Warren & Kallemeyn 1992 Spitz & Boynton 1991 Allende Meteorite 64 Gd 0.42           wt%ox Martin & Mason 1974 Andaman Trench 64 Gd 3.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Andes Basalt 64 Gd 4.79         10 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 64 Gd 3.61         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Andesites 64 Gd 4.94           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 4.14           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 4.15           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 4.59           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 4.54           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 4.65           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 5.17           ppm Condie 1993 Andesites 64 Gd 3.37         50 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Plank & Langmuir 1988 Apure River   Ti/Gd 93.8             Godfrey et al. 1996 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.2           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.14           ppm Condie 1991 Archean Terrains 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Ashy Clay 64 Gd 6.73         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.85         6   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.47         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.25             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Australian Granite 64 Gd 4         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Whalen 1985 Australian Granite 64 Gd 7.52         6 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Turner et al. 1992 Australian Granite 64 Gd 12.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Collins et al. 1982 Baldissero Spinel Lherzolites 64 Gd 0.26   0.03     14 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Balmuccia Spinel Lherzolites 64 Gd 0.33   0.21     18 ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Basalts 64 Gd 4.01           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 4.03           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 4.52           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 3.26           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 4.22           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 3.57           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 3.84           ppm Condie 1993 Basalts 64 Gd 6.92         4 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung 1999 Basalts 64 Gd 8.03         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 64 Gd 7.09         13 ppm Farmer 2004 Robert et al. 1992 Basalts 64 Gd 12         6 ppm Farmer 2004 Turner et al. 1996a Basalts 64 Gd 5.56         3 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 64 Gd 4.69         5 ppm Farmer 2004 Wilson et al. 1997 Basalts 64 Gd 3.53         10 ppm Farmer 2004 Chung et al. 2001 Basalts 64 Gd 8.43         16 ppm Farmer 2004 Jung & Hoernes 2000 Basalts 64 Gd 6.97         27 ppm Farmer 2004 Farmer et al. 2002 Basalts 64 Gd 7.75         8 ppm Farmer 2004 Marzoli et al. 2000 Basalts 64 Gd 6.08         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Price et al. 1997 Basalts 64 Gd 6.75         44 ppm Farmer 2004 Baker et al. 1997 Binda Eucrite 64 Gd 355           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Boninites 64 Gd 0.92         55 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Brown Clay 64 Gd 11.65         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Brown Clay 64 Gd 12.28         29 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate 64 Gd 2.63         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Carbonate Turbidites 64 Gd 2.5         87 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Cascade Basalt 64 Gd 3.37         11 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Cascadia Trench 64 Gd 4.53           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central America Trench 64 Gd 3.04           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Central American Basalts 64 Gd 3.46         29 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Chassigny Meteorite 64 Gd 0.11           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Chert 64 Gd 3.37         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Chert 64 Gd 2.3           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Chert 64 Gd 2.33         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 204   10.2       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.293           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 196.6   2.75     4 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.204   0.0102       ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Palme & Beer 1993 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.1966           ppm Palme & Jones 2004 Anders & Grevesse 1989 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 199           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 1.08   0.02         Palme & Jones 2004 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 197           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Wasson & Kallemeyn 1988 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 204           ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Palme 1988 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 0.205           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Palme et al. 1981 Anders & Ebihara 1982 Beer et al. 1984 Jochum et al. 1986 CI Chondrites 64 Gd 197   9.259     6 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982 Evensen et al. 1978 Clastic Turbidites 64 Gd 4.53         28 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Colombia Trench 64 Gd 3.34           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Congo River Particulates 64 Gd 2.5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Continental Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.92         26 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.55         107 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Continental Arcs 64 Gd 3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Arcs 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.61             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor 1964 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.3           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.3           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.3           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Wedepohl 1995 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Crust 64 Gd 3300           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.016           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.052           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.09           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.004           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.85           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.052           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.004           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.36           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.001           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.52           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.47           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 6.53           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.042           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Eggins et al. 1998 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 6.22           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Johnson et al. 1996 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 78.8           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Bedini & Bodinier 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 3.35           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Glaser et al. 1999 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.99           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov et al. 1997 Continental Intraplate Xenoliths 64 Gd 1.68           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Ionov 1996 Continental Shields & Platforms 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Continental Shields & Platforms 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Core 64 Gd 0           µg/g McDonough 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.324           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.67           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Stachel et al. 1998 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.673           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 1.4           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.718           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.079           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 2.23           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 19.2           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gergoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.54           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.543           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Cratonic Xenoliths 64 Gd 0.25           ppm Pearson et al. 2004 Gregoire et al. 2002 Depleted D-MORB basalts   Ti/Gd 2020             Salters & Stracke 2004 Depleted Mantle 64 Gd 0.395   0.0395       ppm Salters & Stracke 2004 Depleted Mantle 64 Gd 0.358     0.332 0.379   ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Depleted-Depleted MORB Mantle 64 Gd 0.324           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Diatom Oozes & Clay 64 Gd 2.29         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Clay 64 Gd 3.8         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Mud 64 Gd 4.38         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Diatome Ooze 64 Gd 4.14         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 800 64 Gd 4.02           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 64 Gd 4.37           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 DSDP/ODP Site 801 64 Gd 4.4           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 E-MORB 64 Gd 5.26           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Early Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.47           ppm Condie 1993 Early Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.58           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.92           ppm Condie 1993 Early Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.24           ppm Condie 1993 East Sunda Trench 64 Gd 5.27           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 EET 84302 Acapulcoite 64 Gd 310           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Enriched-Depleted MORB Mantle 64 Gd 0.397           ppm Workman & Hart 2005 Felsic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4 2.7       32 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 7.7 4.4       7 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.72           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.26           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 5.8           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 5.72           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.72           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.87           ppm Condie 1993 Felsic Volcanics 64 Gd 4.37           ppm Condie 1993 Ferruginous Clay 64 Gd 7.88         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Frankfort Howardites 64 Gd 860           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1972 Palme et al. 1978 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 64 Gd 4.04         27 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Fresh Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts   Ti/Gd 1937             Salters & Stracke 2004 Fresh MORB in Indian Ocean 64 Gd 3.49           ppm Klein 2004 Klein et al. 1991 Garnet Peridotites 64 Gd   0.35         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Garonne River Particulates 64 Gd 6.1           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Gibson Lodranite 64 Gd 260           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Goalpara Ureilite 64 Gd 5   1       ppb Boynton et al. 1976 Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.15         8   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 2.72             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 64 Gd 7.63           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 64 Gd 2.34         8 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Kemp 2001 Granites 64 Gd 5.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Granites 64 Gd 4.67           ppm Condie 1993 Granites 64 Gd 8.17           ppm Condie 1993 Granulites 64 Gd 7.2 4.12       63 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulites 64 Gd 5.88 3.46       99 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.58 3.26       71 ppm Rudnick & Presper 1990 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.34           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 3.69           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 3.69           ppm Condie 1993 Graywackes 64 Gd 4.54           ppm Condie 1993 Greater Antilles Basalt 64 Gd 3.09         6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Green Clay 64 Gd 4.4         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Greywackes 64 Gd 4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Havero Urelite 64 Gd 25           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Hydrothermal Sediment 64 Gd 27.91         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Ibitira Eucrite 64 Gd 1970           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Jarosewich 1990 Barrat et al. 2000 Interlayerd Clay & Chert 64 Gd 4.5         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Chert & Limestone 64 Gd 2.07         5 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Interlayered Clay & Chert 64 Gd 33.72         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Intermediate Mafic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4.4 3.5       24 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.1 2.8       18 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Intermediate Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 4.9 4.1       20 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Island Arc Andesite 64 Gd             ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arc Andesite 64 Gd 3.1         134 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Island Arcs 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Izu-Bonin Trench 64 Gd 5.46           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Japan Trench 64 Gd 5.03           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Java Trench 64 Gd 6.23           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Johnstown Diogenite 64 Gd 240           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Kamchatka Basalt 64 Gd 3.49         41 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Kamchatka Trench 64 Gd 3.33           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kapoeta Howardites 64 Gd 1250           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1972 Kerm Trench 64 Gd 16.32           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Kolymar River   Ti/Gd 68.9             Godfrey et al. 1996 Komatiites 64 Gd 0.96           ppm Condie 1993 Kuriles Trench 64 Gd 5.03           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Late Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.74           ppm Condie 1993 Late Archean Upper Crust 64 Gd 3.58           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.92           ppm Condie 1993 Late Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.24           ppm Condie 1993 Lena River   Ti/Gd 72.2             Godfrey et al. 1996 Lesser Antilles Basalt 64 Gd 2.98         45 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Lower Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.7             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 6.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Villaseca et al. 1999 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.67           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie & Selverstone 1999 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.31           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Taylor 1987 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.6           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Presper 1990 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.13           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 5.4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Lower Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.1           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Luzon Basalt 64 Gd 3.38         8 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 MAC 88177 Lodranite 64 Gd 130           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Weigel et al. 1999 Macibini Eucrites 64 Gd 2300           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 McCarthy et al. 1973 Buchanan et al. 2000b Mafic Archean Granulites 64 Gd 5.5 3.9       16 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 3.06 2.71       63 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mafic Post-Archean Granulites 64 Gd 6.9 4.7       21 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Makran Trench 64 Gd 7.23           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Manganese Nodules 64 Gd 32           ppm Li 1991 Baturin 1988 Haynes et al. 1986 Marianas Basalt 64 Gd 3.47         36 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Marianas Trench 64 Gd 4.2           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Marine Apatites 64 Gd       4 20 13 ppm Altschuller 1980 Marine Apatites 64 Gd 12.8         13 ppm Altschuller 1980 Marine Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 13           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Rankin & Glasby 1979 Marine Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 7.8           ppm Li 1982 Piper 1974 Marine Shales 64 Gd 6         36 ppm Altschuller 1980 Hermann 1970 Marine Shales 64 Gd 5.2           ppm Li 1991 Turekian & Wedepohl 1961 Haskin & Haskin 1966 Mekong River Particulates 64 Gd 5.3           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Melitite-rich Chondrules 64 Gd 3.1     2.2 4 10 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 64 Gd 4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Extensions 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.9           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.81           ppm Condie 1993 Mesozoic & Cenozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.11           ppm Condie 1993 Metalliferous Clay 64 Gd 73.33         12 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Metapelitic Granulitic Xenolites 64 Gd 6.88 7.2       15 ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Mexico Trench 64 Gd 8.19           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Middle Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.5             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.11           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Shaw et al. 1994 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.19           ppm Condie 1993 Middle Proterozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.85           ppm Condie 1993 Moore County Eucrite 64 Gd 1260           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 N-MORB 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 64 Gd 5.077   1.853     26 ppm Hofmann 1988 Jochum et al. 1988 N-MORB 64 Gd 2.44           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 N-MORB 64 Gd 3.97           ppm Klein 2004 Niu et al. 1999 Nakhla Meteorite 64 Gd 0.86   0.08       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Nankai Trench 64 Gd 5.13           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nanno Ooze 64 Gd 2.865         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Nano Ooze 64 Gd 2.59         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 New Hebrides Islands 64 Gd 2.86         20 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 North American Shale Composite (NASC) 64 Gd 5.2           ppm Condie 1993 North Antilles Trench 64 Gd 5.09           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 North Atlantic Ocean Deep Water 64 Gd 7.19             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983 North Atlantic Ocean Surface Water 64 Gd 3.41             Bruland 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1983 North Pacific Ocean Deep Water 64 Gd 5.8             Bruland 1983 Masuda & Ikeuchi 1979 Novo-Urei Ureilite 64 Gd 20   2       ppb Boynton et al. 1976 Oceanic Crust 64 Gd 4.6           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1981 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.76           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.94           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1997 Hauff et al. 2000 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.54           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.14           ppm Kerr 2004 Tejada et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 4.51           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 0           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.39           ppm Kerr 2004 Mahoney et al. 1993 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.87           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 1996 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 8.9           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.58           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.67           ppm Kerr 2004 Kerr et al. 2002 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3.46           ppm Kerr 2004 Reynaud et al. 1999 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 2.07           ppm Kerr 2004 Aitken & Echeverria 1984 Dupre & Echeverria 1984 Jochum et al. 1991 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 3           ppm Kerr 2004 Salters et al. 1992 Oceanic Plateaus 64 Gd 1.5           ppm Kerr 2004 Oceans Deep water 64 Gd 0.82           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 Oceans Surface water 64 Gd 0.54           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 64 Gd 3.65           ppm Staudigel et al. 1996 ODP/DSDP Site 417/418 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Staudigel et al. 1995 Olivine Chondrules 64 Gd 0.75     0.46 1.1 3 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Orangeite 64 Gd 11.4         114 ppm Farmer 2004 Mitchell 1995 Orgueil Chondrite 64 Gd 199         7 ppb Anders & Grevesse 1989 Orgueil Chondrite 64 Gd 196         5 ppb Anders & Ebihara 1982 Orinoco River   Ti/Gd 91.4             Godfrey et al. 1996 Paleozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Orogens 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Paleozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 5.04           ppm Condie 1993 Paleozoic Upper Crust 64 Gd 4.71           ppm Condie 1993 Parguaza River   Ti/Gd 81.2             Godfrey et al. 1996 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 29.2         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.8         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 8.43         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.8         56 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 41.44         6 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 29.2           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 13         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Pelagic Clay 64 Gd 5.13         55 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Peninsular Range Batholith   (Gd/Yb)(N) 5.51             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Peninsular Range Batholith 64 Gd 3.4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Sylvester 1995 Periodotite Section in Ophiolites 64 Gd   0.304         ppm McDonough 1991 Peru Trench 64 Gd 3.85           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 6.56         36 ppm Farmer 2004 Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 3.91         7 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Phanerozoic Flood Basalts 64 Gd 4.09         9 ppm Farmer 2004 Wooden et al. 1993 Philip Trench 64 Gd 12.3           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Post-Archean Terrrains 64 Gd 4.93           ppm Condie 1991 Precambrian Canadian Shield 64 Gd 2.79           ppm Shaw et al. 1986 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.506           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 544   54.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.584           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 McDonough & Sun 1989 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.459           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.5128           ppm Hofmann 1988 Hart & Zindler 1986 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.513           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Hofmann 1988 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 571   57.1       ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 571           ppb Palme & O'Neill 2004 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.74           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Wanke et al. 1984 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.44           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Wedepohl 1991 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd   0.595         ppm McDonough 1991 McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.605           ppm McDonough & Frey 1989 Sun 1982 Primitive Mantle 64 Gd 0.5           ppm Wedepohl & Hartmann 1994 Primitive Mantle   Ti/Gd 36             Gao et al. 1998 Hofmann 1988 Protolith Gabbros at ODP Site 735 64 Gd 2.2         8 ppm Hart et al. 1999 QUE 94201 Meteorite 64 Gd 4.3           ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.32         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.32         8 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 9.13         2 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarian Clay 64 Gd 5.11         11 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 64 Gd 1.9           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Radiolarites 64 Gd 1.85         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Radiolarites 64 Gd 2.93         17 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 REE Fractionated CAI Inclusions 64 Gd 2.3     0.84 3.8 5 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 REE Unfractionated CAI Inclusions 64 Gd 4.6     4.5 4.6 2 ppm Martin & Mason 1974 Rifted Continental Margins 64 Gd 3.6           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rifted Continental Margins 64 Gd 3           ppm Rudnick & Fountain 1995 Rio Negro River   Ti/Gd 68.5             Godfrey et al. 1996 River Particulates 64 Gd 5           µg/g Martin & Meybeck 1979 Rivers 64 Gd 0.008           ppb Li 1982 Martin & Meybeck 1979 Ryuku Trench 64 Gd 45.75           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sandstones 64 Gd 1.52           ppm Condie 1993 Sandstones 64 Gd 1.04           ppm Condie 1993 Scotia Island Basalt 64 Gd 3.34         15 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Seawater 64 Gd 0.0007           ppb Li 1982 Seawater 64 Gd 0.8           ng/kg Quinby-Hunt & Turekian 1983 Elderfield & Greaves 1982 Seawater 64 Gd 6e-06             Broeker & Peng 1982 Seawater 64 Gd 1.3             Li 1991 Whitfield & Turner 1987 Seawater 64 Gd 6     3.4 7.2     Bruland 1983 Serra De Mage Eucrite 64 Gd 407           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Shales 64 Gd 5.22           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 64 Gd 5.6           ppm Condie 1993 Shales 64 Gd 4.55           ppm Condie 1993 Shergotty Meteorite 64 Gd 2.54   0.26       ppm McSween, Jr. 2004 Lodders 1998 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 544   54.4       ppb McDonough & Sun 1995 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.54           ppm McDonough 2004 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.459           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.5128           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Hofmann 1988 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.74           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Jagoutz et al. 1979 Wanke et al. 1984 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.595           ppm McDonough et al. 1992 Sun 1982 Sun & McDonough 1989 McDonough & Frey 1989 Silicate Earth 64 Gd 0.54           µg/g McDonough 1998 Silicified Limestone 64 Gd 3.93           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Silty Mud 64 Gd 5.77         16 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sioux County Eucrite 64 Gd 2070           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Solar Photosphere 64 Gd 1.12   0.04         Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar Photosphere 64 Gd 1.12   0.04         Palme & Jones 2004 Grevesse & Sauval 1998 Solar System 64 Gd 0.331             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Solar System 64 Gd 0.33   0.00462     4   Anders & Grevesse 1989 Solar System 64 Gd 0.42             Anders & Ebihara 1982 Cameron 1982 Solid Earth 64 Gd 0.37           ppm McDonough 2004 Solid Earth 64 Gd 0.37           µg/g McDonough 1998 Solimoes River   Ti/Gd 73.4             Godfrey et al. 1996 South Antilles Trench 64 Gd 6.36           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 South Sandwich Trench 64 Gd 2.29           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Spinel Peridotites 64 Gd   0.31         ppm McDonough 1991 Maaloe & Aoki 1975 Jordan 1979 Boyd 1989 McDonough 1990 Spinel Peridotites 64 Gd 0.6 0.31 0.83     67 ppm McDonough 1990 Stannern Eucrite 64 Gd 4010           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Barrat et al. 2000 McCarthy et al. 1973 Subducted Sediment 64 Gd 5.26   2.04       ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Sumatra Trench 64 Gd 4.01           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 1.35   0.033     31 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 0.244   0.013     16 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 2.667   0.274     7 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 4.26   0.041     42 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 2.16   0.282     6 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Talkeetna Arc Plutonic Rocks 64 Gd 4.264   0.174     13 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Tonalites 64 Gd 4.2           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites   (Gd/Yb)(N) 3.3         355   Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 2.98           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 4.09           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 4.67           ppm Condie 1993 Tonalites-Trondhjemites-Granodiorites 64 Gd 2.2         355 ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Martin 1995 Tonga Trench 64 Gd 38.22           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Tongan Basalts 64 Gd 3.49         5 ppm Kelemen et al. 2004 Transitional Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts 64 Gd 4.32           ppm Klein 2004 Lehnert 2000 Turbidites 64 Gd 3.67         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Turbidites 64 Gd 3.05         4 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Upper Continental Crust   (Gd/Yb)(N) 1.65             Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.8           ppm Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.21           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.45           ppm Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4   0.3       µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 see text Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           ppm Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           ppm Kemp & Hawkesworth 2004 Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4.21           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Condie 1993 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 3.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Taylor & McLennan 1985 Taylor & McLennan 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 2.8           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Wedepohl 1995 Upper Continental Crust 64 Gd 4           µg/g Rudnick & Gao 2004 Upper Continental Crust   Ti/Gd 41             Taylor et al. 1983 Taylor & McLennan 1981 Vanuatu Trench 64 Gd 3.91           ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Sediment 64 Gd 3.89         15 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.7           ppm Elliot et al. 1997 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.32         43 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Volcanoclastic Turbidites 64 Gd 3.71         13 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998 Y-74450 Eucrites 64 Gd 3400           ng/g Mittlefehldt 2004 Wanke et al. 1977 Zeolite Clay 64 Gd 3.59         3 ppm Plank & Langmuir 1998