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Beyer et al. 1994
Beyer, K.D., Seago, S.W., Chang, H.Y. and Molina, M.J. (1994). Composition and freezing of aqueous H2SO4/HNO3 solutions under polar stratospheric conditions. Geophysical Research Letters 21: doi: 10.1029/94GL00915. issn: 0094-8276.

The results of laboratory investigations of the freezing behavior of aqueous acid solutions indicate that in the stratosphere H2SO4/H2O aerosol droplets would not freeze at temperatures above the ice frost point in the absence of HNO3; however, in the presence of typical levels of HNO3 liquid sulfuric acid aerosols take up significant amounts of HNO3 and H2O vapors and freeze much more readily. This is a consequence of the very rapid change in composition of the liquid droplets as the temperature drops to within two to three degrees of the equilibrium temperature at which HNO3 and H2O vapors would co-condense to form a liquid solution. In the high latitude stratosphere this HNO3/H2O 'dew point' is typically around 192--194 K at 100 mbar. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1994

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Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Aerosols and particles, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Middle atmosphere—composition and chemistry
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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