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Thomas et al. 1994
Thomas, L., Marsh, A.K.P., Wareing, D.P. and Hassan, M.A. (1994). Lidar observations of ice crystals associated with noctilucent clouds at middle latitudes. Geophysical Research Letters 21: doi: 10.1029/93GL03291. issn: 0094-8276.

Lidar observations at Aberystwyth (52.4¿N, 4.1¿W) have shown layers of enhanced backscatter at heights just below the mesopause during four nights in late June and early July, 1993. The characteristics of these layers and their association with noctilucent clouds indicate that they are comprised of ice crystals. An examination is made of the temperature prior to the formation of a layer, the rates of descent of layers, and their integrated backscatter coefficients. The results are discussed in terms of the size of the crystals giving rise to backscatter, the ambient water mixing ratio, and the equivalent water vapour represented by these crystals.

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Abstract

Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Aerosols and particles, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Middle atmosphere—composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Transmission and scattering of radiation
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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