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Goldsbrough et al. 1976
Goldsbrough, P.F., Ellyett, C.D. and Canberra, r.C.o.A.E. (1976). Relationship of meteors to sporadic E 2. Statistical evidence for class 1 Em. Journal of Geophysical Research 81: doi: 10.1029/JA081i034p06135. issn: 0148-0227.

Three individual radar meteor trails had been shown by Pineo (1949) to be in range and time agreement with transitory sporadic E echoes on ionograms, but he was unable to find further association in a period of several months' data. In the present paper, graphical and statistical comparisons are made between the occurrence of approximately 1400 examples of one type of sporadic e described in detail and herein called class 1 em, and 724,681 radar meteors observed simultaneously at 69.5 MHz over a 1-year period from roughly the same sky area. The correlations, taken in various ways on an annual and monthly basis, show that the percentage occurrence of Em is a clear function of the meteor rate count. Ten out of 21 peak periods of % Em occurrence during the year agree resonably closely with the time of occurrence of the known major southern hemisphere meteor showers. The amplitudes of the % Em peaks in general show little agreement with the observed amplitudes of the meteor showers, but this is attributed to numerous variables in the system sensitivities. The two periods of maximumshower activity during the year both show high % Em rates on the ionogram records. It is therefore finally considered proven that class 1 Em, which seldom controls the scaled upper frequency of sporadic E, is the observed effect on ionograms due to individual meteor trails.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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