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Mekler et al. 1977
Mekler, Y., Eviatar, A. and Kupo, I. (1977). Jovian sulfur nebula. Journal of Geophysical Research 82: doi: 10.1029/JA082i019p02809. issn: 0148-0227.

We present further results of our observations of the nebula of singly ionized sulfur in the magnetosphere of Jupiter. We have calculated the occupation numbers of the five lowest energy levels of ionized sulfur and have used their results together with our observed intensities to evaluate the number density of ionized sulfur. The results are consistent with the existence near Io orbit of a plasma characterized by an electron temperature of 10 eV and an number density of 500 ions/cm3, of which roughly 25% are sulfur. The nebula is shown to be a semidisc with a void near Io, a radius of 6R, and a thickness of 2R. We discuss some of the implications of these findings.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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