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Greenstadt & Olson 1979
Greenstadt, E.W. and Olson, J.V. (1979). Geomagnetic pulsation signals and hourly distributions of IMF orientation. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: doi: 10.1029/JA084iA04p01493. issn: 0148-0227.

Hourly distributions of the angle ϑxB=arccos (X⋅B), where X is the solar ecliptic earth-sun axis and B is the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), have been compared with hourly Pc 3 and Pc 4 signal activity at Calgary for 198 hours in September, October, and November 1969. Hours whose distributions were concentrated above or below ϑXB=50¿ were correlated with a clear separation of inactive from active micropulsation intervals. The correlation was stronger for the Pc 3 than for the Pc 4 band, and hours with significant fractions, say 10--20% of their ϑXB distributions below 30¿, corresponded particularly well with high amplitudes of micropulsation signals. Signals in the Pc 3 period range on the ground can therefore be used as a crude monitor of certain extremes of IMF orientation.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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