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Williams 1979
Williams, D.J. (1979). Observations of significant magnetosheath antisolar energy flow. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: doi: 10.1029/JA084iA05p02105. issn: 0148-0227.

Evidence for significant but sporadic magnetosheath energy flows in the antisolar direction is presented, using observations of 50 to 220-keV ions made by the NOAA/Applied Physics Laboratory energetic particle experiment on the Imp 7 satellite. The observations have been made in the dawn and dusk magnetosheath at distances of ~35RE from the earth and cover a wide range of ZSM. Direct observations of 50-to 220-keV ions yield an energy flow for the case studied of 2(10)3-2(10)2 erg/cm2 s. By using a somewhat arbitrary but reasonable magnetosheath area based on 1 year of synoptic survey of such flows a total magnetosheath ?50-keV ion energy flow of >1018 ergs/s is obtained. Reasonable spectral extrapolations yield somewhat larger total flows. These values indicate that ions carry at least an equal portion of the energetic particle magnetosheath energy flow as the extrapolated >1-keV electron flow obtained by Baker and Stone (1977). Possible sources of this energy flow include dissipation processes due to a magnetopause electric field, leakage of magnetospheric particles through the magnetopause into the magnetosheath, bow shock acceleration, and magnetosheath acceleration.

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Abstract

Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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