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Meriwether & Walker 1980
Meriwether, J.W. and Walker, J.C.G. (1980). First negative band system of nitrogen in the night sky over Arecibo during geomagnetic storms. Journal of Geophysical Research 85: doi: 10.1029/JA085iA03p01279. issn: 0148-0227.

Improvements in the airglow instrumentation at the Arecibo Observatory have permitted measurements of the brightnes of the airglow emission from N2+ ions at 4278-¿ with sensitivity and time resolution much greater than those achieved when we first detected this emission in 1976. We report here the results of observations of this emission during magnetic storms in April and May of 1978. During this time surface brightnesses as high as 0.8 R were measured. The new measurements reveal fluctuations in brightness of the order of 20 per cent in times of about 30 minutes, which we tentatively attribute to fluctuations in the energetic particle flux that excites the emission. We also found a strong correlation between brightness and geomagnetic activity that was not apparent in our earlier, less sensitive measurements. The surface brightness at 4278-¿ increases at a rate of 0.4 to 0.5 R per 100 &ggr; with increasing depression of Dst. Attempts to measure the rotational temperature of the emission were thwarted by contamination from molecular oxygen Herzberg bands, which we find to be significant at the very low levels of nitrogen emission which appear in the night sky at our latitude (18¿ north geographic, 30¿ geomagnetic).

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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