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Meng 1981
Meng, C. (1981). The auroral electron precipitation during extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: doi: 10.1029/JA086iA06p04607. issn: 0148-0227.

The electron precipitation over the polar regions during extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions is examined based on data from 5 years of DMSP observations. A total of 12 periods were selected for this study on the basis of prolonged, extremely low values of the Kp index which persists for at least 2 consecutive days. The interesting electron precipitation features can be summarized as follows: (1) At all times, precipitation indeed occurred over both the northern and southern polar regions with significant intensity. The precipitating intensities were 1--2 orders of magnitude below the level for nominal, quiet (Kp≲2) auroral oval precipitations. (2) The measured precipitation electrons were very soft, most having energies below 1 keV. The observed fluxes of low-energy electrons between 50 eV to a few hundred eV were often merely the high-energy tail of an extremely soft precipitation. (3) Electron precipitation with a most probable energy of a few keV (harder than that of the auroral oval) can form a band detached from and equatorward of the morning auroral oval. (4) A dramatic feature of the electron precipitation of the extremely quiet magnetosphere is the unexpectedly wide latitudinal extent of the low-energy electron precipitation. It spreads into the high-latitude polar regions to at least ~85¿ geomagnetic latitude.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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