Trapped ions believed to have been injected directly into the radiation belts from the ionosphere are persistently observed near synchronous orbit. However, there is an apparent inconsistency between the composition of the trapped ions observed near synchronous orbit and that observed at lower altitudes of ions flowing upward from the ionosphere. The upflowing ionospheric ions are dominated by H+, with a significant but lesser amount of O+, while the small pitch angle ions near synchronous orbit are dominated by O+. In this paper, we show that ion loss from charge exchange with neutral hydrogen is a plausible cause of the differing composition at low and high altitudes. In addition, we find that such charge exchange can simultaneously account for minima near 0¿ and 180¿ and maxima near 15¿--20¿ and 160¿--165¿ observed in the pitch angle distributions of the trapped ions.