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MacDougall 1981
MacDougall, J.W. (1981). Measurements of ionospheric electric field convection by the long-line technique. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: doi: 10.1029/JA086iA06p04781. issn: 0148-0227.

Ionospheric E¿B convections are measured by a new technique that uses satellite scintillations. The measurements are for and ionospheric region centred on 39¿N, 82¿W geographic or 53¿ invarient latitude. Results are presented for spring equinox 1980. The quiet condition eastward convection drift is approximately ViE = -12+43 cos(2&pgr;/24)(t-13.4). During disturbed conditions at nighttime the westward convection becomes large and highly variable. The northward perpendicular E¿B convection is approximately ViN = -5+13 cos (2&pgr;/12)(t-10.5)+6 cos (2&pgr;/24) (t-11.5) m/s during quiet conditions. During disturbed conditions the semidiurnal component of the northward convection increases by about a factor of 3 and becomes larger than the diurnal.

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Abstract

Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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