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Bagenal 1985
Bagenal, F. (1985). Plasma conditions inside IO’s orbit: Voyager measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JA090iA01p00311. issn: 0148-0227.

The Voyager 1 ion data that were obtained inside the orbit of Io allow accurate determination of convective velocity, temperature, and density of the major ionic species (S+, O+, S2+, and O2+ ions). The irregular radial profiles of ion temperature and flux tube content are not consistent with simple models of radial transport of plasma from a source near Io. The evidence of a source of ions well inside Io's orbit is provided by the detection of molecular (SO2+) ions at 5.3 R J, the prevalence of non-Maxwellian tails to the ion distribution functions, the persistent presence of oxygen ions throughout the inner torus, and a 1--3% lag behind corotation outside 5.4 RJ.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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