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Takahashi et al. 1985
Takahashi, K., Higbie, P.R. and Baker, D.N. (1985). Azimuthal propagation and frequency characteristic of compressional Pc 5 waves observed at geostationary orbit. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JA090iA02p01473. issn: 0148-0227.

Energetic particle data from the 1977-007 and 1979-053 satellites and magnetic field data from the GOES 2 and 3 satellites have been used to study eight compressional Pc 5 wave events observed at geostationary orbit during 1979. All the events occurred on the dayside, and most of them were observed during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. By using the data from two of the satellites which were close to each other, we measured the azimuthal phase velocity Vϕ and azimuthal wave number m for selected intervals. For all these intervals the waves propagated westward in the spacecraft frame, and we obtained ‖ Vϕ ‖=4--14 km/s and ‖ m ‖=40--120. In addition, harmonics of a local standing Alfv¿n wave were often present simultaneously with a compressional Pc 5 wave. The frequency of the compressional wave was typically 25% of that of the second harmonic of the Alfv¿n wave. These observed features are discussed in the light of existing theories of instabilities in the ring current plasma.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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