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Denig & Rich 1986
Denig, W.F. and Rich, F.J. (1986). The ionosphere-magnetosphere structure during a geomagnetic storm based on the measurements in the morning auroral zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JA091iA01p00165. issn: 0148-0227.

Measurements of field-aligned currents (FAC's), convection electric fields, and precipitating electrons were made by the S3-2 satellite in the midmorning time sectors of both the northern and southern high-latitude ionospheres before and during a geomagnetic storm on June 24--25, 1976. The patterns of electric fields and FAC's did not match the standard configuration of two-cell convection and the region 1/region 2 FAC's. In particular, near the beginning of the main phase of the storm an intense (242 mV/m) convection electric field and an extra FAC were observed just poleward of the region 1 current in the southern hemisphere. The observations, made over a period of at least 3 hours, were consistent with a quasi steady state three-cell convection pattern with stresses from a strong By component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). An analysis of the particle and field data from within the region of the intense convection electric field is in sharp disagreement with the single-particle motion model of Lyons (1980) and implies that a significant portion of the measured FAC was from ionospheric ions. Finally, large-amplitude AC electric wvaes from broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) were present in the high-altitude southern (or winter) passes but not in the northern passes at lower altitudes. In general, BEN has been observed occasionally by S3-2 within the high-altitude (1000--1500 km) winter auroral regions but has never been detected during other seasons or at lower altitudes. The implication of these measurements is that the low-altitude limit for the region of field-aligned potentials is determined by the local plasma density.

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