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Gaines et al. 1986
Gaines, E.E., Imhof, W.L., Francis, W.E., Walt, M. and Rosenberg, T.J. (1986). Correlated electron and X ray measurements of quiet time electron precipitation: a comparative study of Bremsstrahlung production and transport in the atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JA080i012p13455. issn: 0148-0227.

Five cases of X ray observations from balloons coordinated with measurements of precipitating electrons were obtained during passes of the polar-orbiting satellite P78-1 near Siple, Antarctica (L~4.1), the launch point of the balloons. The observations, made during a geomagnetically quiet period in late December 1980 to early January 1981, showed small enhancements of the X ray fluxes (E>25 keV) and moderate trapped electron fluxes (E>68 keV) with pitch angle distributions extending into the edge of the loss cone sufficient to produce the ≲0.5 dB of cosmic noise absorption recorded by the Siple 30-MHz riometer. Bremsstrahlung production and transport in the atmosphere were calculated using the measured electron fluxes, energy spectra, and pitch angle distributions for the source. The X ray fluxes and spectra calculated for the balloon altitudes were in good agreement with those measured from the balloons when the total energy deposition from electrons, E>10 keV, exceeded 2¿10-3 erg/cm2 s. The observed electron fluxes show that a significant continuous electron precipitation occurs at the western edge of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly even at times of low geomagnetic activity.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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