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Decker et al. 1987
Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M. and Venkatesan, D. (1987). Latitudinal gradient of energetic particles in the outer heliosphere during 1985–1986. Journal of Geophysical Research 92: doi: 10.1029/JA092iA04p03375. issn: 0148-0227.

We report a measurement of a sustained latitudinal gradient of 70-MeV galactic cosmic ray protons using data from the interplanetary probes Voyager 1 and 2 and the earth-orbiting satellite IMP 8 during a 1-year period from mid-1985 to mid-1986. Starting in early 1985 the intensity of cosmic rays at Voyager 2 began increasing faster than that at Voyager 1. By mid- 1985 the intensity at Voyager 2 (helioradius 17 AU, heliolatitude ~0¿) exceeded and remained higher than that at Voyager 1 (helioradius 24 AU, heliolatitude ~26¿) for at least 14 solar rotations. Using the Voyager 2-IMP 8 data to correct for the radial gradient, we determine an average latitudinal gradient during this period of (-0.53¿0.10)% deg-1 or (-0.38¿0.11)% deg-1 (i.e., intensity decreasing northward of the solar equatorial plane), assuming either a constant radial gradient or one that decreased at an average rate of -0.025% AU-1 AU-1, as was the case during 1984, respectively. In addition, we present Voyager data at very low (>30 keV) ion energies which are associated with acceleration at corotating shocks. These ions also exhibit a latitudinal gradient (~-3% deg-1), with lower intensities at higher latitudes, and serve to highlight changes that occurred in the interplanetary medium in early 1985. ¿American Geophysical Union 1987

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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