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Martin & Oh 1979
Martin, C.F. and Oh, I.H. (1979). Utilization of satellite-satellite tracking data for determination of the geocentric gravitational constant GM gravitational constant GM. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: doi: 10.1029/JB084iB08p03944. issn: 0148-0227.

Range rate tracking of Geos 3 through the ATS 6 satellite has been used, along with ground tracking of Geos 3, to estimate the geocentric gravitational constant. Using multiple half-day arcs, a GM of 398,600.36 ¿ 0.12 km3/s2 was estimated using the GEM 10 gravity model, based on a speed of light of 299,792.458 km/s. Tracking station coordinates were simultaneously adjusted, leaving geopotential model error as the dominant error source. Base lines between the adjusted NASA laser sites show better than 15-cm agreement with multiple short arc Geos 3 solutions.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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