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Wong & Lim 1978
Wong, C.M. and Lim, K.K. (1978). The inclination of intracloud lightning discharges. Journal of Geophysical Research 83: doi: 10.1029/JC083iC04p01905. issn: 0148-0227.

An intracloud discharge can often be modeled in terms of the neutralization of an inclined electric dipole by using a set of parameters specifying the height, orientation, and electric charge of the dipole. This paper describes a new method of determining one of the main parameters involved which is the inclination of the dipole axis. The method is based on the measurement of magnetic fields produced during intracloud discharges. Data from two tropical thunderstorms are presented, and a statistical analysis shows that the median inclination of the dipole axis is 13¿, the average inclination being 20¿.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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