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Graedel 1979
Graedel, T.E. (1979). The kinetic photochemistry of the Marine Atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: doi: 10.1029/JC084iC01p00273. issn: 0148-0227.

The diurnal kinetic photochemistry of the natural marine atmosphere has been simulated by a series of computations including oxygen-, hydrogen-, nitrogen-, halogen-, and carbon-containing species. Concentrations consistent with oceanic data for the precursor compounds' CH4, C2H2, C2H4, CH6, C3H6, CO, CH3Cl, HCl, H2, NH3, NOx, and O3 result from the calculation. The low concentrations of hydrocarbons and NOx cause relatively high concentrations of free radicals such as HO⋅, HO2⋅, CH3O2⋅, and ClO⋅ and of the radical recombination products CH3OOH, H2O2, and HOCl. Global oceanic fluxes of the precursor compounds are estimated from the amounts required to balance chemical removal. The values for CH3Cl (1.8¿1012g/yr) and HCl(2.0¿1012g/yr) are among the first flux estimates derived to date. The values for CH4, and total hydrocarbons are small fractions of the total global emission fluxes of these compounds as estimated by alternate techniques. For NH3 and NO the oceanic source fluxes appear to constitute several percent of total global emissions. The oceanic emission flux for CO (0.3--1.8¿1014 g/yr for two different assumptions of the average background concentration) is a significant fraction (7--39%) of the total global emission flux of this important atmospheric compound.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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