During the Marine Remote Sensing experiment of 1979 (MARSEN 79), we employed microwave techniques at X and L band to determine the dependence of ocean-wave radar modulation transfer functions (MTFs) on various envoronmental and radar parameters. In this paper, we present these MTFs along with coherence functions between the AM and FM parts of the backscattered microwave signal and show that they both depend on several of these parameters. In addition to confirming many of the properties of transfer functions reported by previous authors, this work indicates that MTFs decrease with increasing angle between wave propagation and antenna-look directions but are essentially independent of small changes in air-sea temperature difference. Coherence functions are much smaller when the antennas are pointed perpendicular to long waves, however, X band transfer functions measured with horizontally polarized microwave radiation are found to have larger magnitudes than those obtained by using vertical polarization. Under conditions encountered in this experiment transfer functions are independent of long-wave amplitude when waves and antennas are aligned. Coherence functions, however, depend strongly on long-wave amplitude. We show that this dependence implies that in addition to being modulated by long waves, short waves amplitudes fluctuate in response to environmental factors unrelated to long waves. Spectral densities of these fluctuations are shown to be comparable to those of modulations induced by long waves.