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Brainerd & Gregg 1993
Brainerd, K.E. and Gregg, M.C. (1993). Diurnal restratification and turbulence in the oceanic surface mixed layer: 2. Modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research 98: doi: 10.1029/93JC02298. issn: 0148-0227.

We find that daytime restratification of the remnant layer is important to modeling both the decay of convective turbulence during the day and convective deepening the following night. Penetrating solar insolation accounted for about 60% of the observed restratification of the remnant layer. Of the other processes supplying the remaining restratification, we believe lateral advection is the most important and sets a limit on the capabilities of one-dimensional mixed-layer models. In the morning, with the end of convective forcing, there was an initial period lasting nearly an hour, similar to the convective time scale, during which &egr; in the remnant layer remained nearly constant. After that, turbulence in the remnant layer could be modeled in accordance with a balance between &egr; and the storage term for turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Energy storage is computed using q2=(&egr;l/C)2/3, where l=0.84LO, the Ozmidov scale, matches observed overturning scales during most of the decay. Calculating LO for the observed linearly increasing stratification gives a modified exponential form for the decay. A value of C=0.04 gives the best fit. This decay lasted about 5 hours, until ⟨&egr;⟩ reached ≈5¿10-10 W kg-1. Then for the remainder of the restratification period, dissipation and production of TKE due to vertical shear appeared to be approaching a balance. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1993

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Keywords
Oceanography, Physical, Upper ocean processes, Oceanography, Physical, Fine structure and microstructure, Oceanography, Physical, Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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