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Apruzese et al. 1984
Apruzese, J.P., Strobel, D.F. and Schoeberl, M.P. (1984). Parameterization of IR cooling in a middle atmosphere dynamics model 2. Non-LTE radiative transfer and the globally averaged temperature of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 89: doi: 10.1029/JD089iD03p04917. issn: 0148-0227.

An efficient technique for including non-LTE radiative transver effects has been added to our LTE IR cooling model. The physical processes of thermal and turbulent conduction, odd oxygen transport, gravity wave dissipation, and NO cooling are incorporated into the radiation model to calculate the globally averaged equilibrium temperature profile up to 120 km. The quanitative importance of each process is discussed. We find that gravity wave effects are crucial in cooling the lower thermosphere, which would otherwise be 15--100 K warmer. The magnitude of required gravity wave cooling provides a stringent upper limit on the globally averaged turbulent diffusion coefficient in the mesopause region of <106 cm2 s-1. In the 65- to 75-km mesospheric region, IR cooling rates are uncertain primarily due to the lack of accurate CO2 hot band collisional activation rates. Without any gravity wave heating in this region, total IR cooling rates 2 K d-1 are required for the computed equilibrium temperature profile to agree with observations, in contrast to the 3.5 K d-1 obtained with a two-level-atom non-LTE source function. Gravity wave heating is this region is estimated at 0.5 K d-1.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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