Cloud-to-ground lightning discharges have been studied for more than 50 years by means of visual photographic, and electromagnetic observations as well as direct measurements of current. One of the first questions to be addressed was that of the sign of net effective charge transferred to earth. The conventional wisdom on the subject has been that most cloud-to-ground lightning flashes transfer net negative charge from cloud to ground. There is also evidence that up to one third of the flashes observed in a given study could transfer net positive charge to earth. Both the subject of positive charge transfer to earth in general and the subject of positive return strokes received attention by Workman, Brook, and others in New Mexico occasionally over the last 30 years. Relatively recently, there have been increasingly numerous reports of cloud-to-ground lightning that transfers positive charge to earth in winter thunderstorms in Japan, in summer thunderstorms in Scandinavia, in severe storms in the U. S. Great Plains, in summer thunderstorms in the western United States, in summer thunderstorms in Florida, and in fall and winter thunderstorms in the northeastern United States. Furthermore, from the most recent observations it appears that positive cloud-to-ground flashes often have return strokes similar to those in negative cloud-to-ground flashes, except for polarity; that most often there is only a single return stroke; and that often a continuing current of large amplitude, or possibly a discharge in the cloud, follows the return stroke.