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Mach & Rust 1993
Mach, D.M. and Rust, W.D. (1993). Two-dimensional velocity, optical risetime, and peak current estimates for natural positive lightning return strokes. Journal of Geophysical Research 98: doi: 10.1029/92JD02188. issn: 0148-0227.

We report velocities, optical risetimes, and transmission line model peak currents for seven natural positive return strokes. The data were taken with our return stroke velocity device mounted on the National Severe Storms Laboratory mobile laboratory. The average two-dimensional positive return stroke velocity for channel segments of 500 m starting near the base of the channel is 0.9¿0.4¿108 m s-1. The corresponding average velocity for our natural negative first strokes is 1.2¿0.6¿108 m s-1. We find no significant velocity change with height for positive return strokes. The average 10--90% optical risetime from channel segments with an average length of 3.2¿1.7 m for positive return strokes within 100 m of the base of the channel is 9.4¿3.0 μs; the corresponding measurement for negative strokes is 3.5¿1.7 μs. We detected no optical leaders from the positive flashes. This limits the relative brightness of positive stroke leaders to approximately 0.08 times the optical output of the return stroke. The logarithmic average peak current from the transmission line model for positive return strokes is 59.8 kA, approximately 5 times the logarithmic average peak current we calculated for natural negative first return strokes. All differences between positive and negative natural strokes noted above are statistically different at the 99% level. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1993

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Abstract

Keywords
Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Lightning, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Atmospheric electricity
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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