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Dessler & Hill 1975
Dessler, A.J. and Hill, T.W. (1975). High-order magnetic multipoles as a source of gross asymmetry in the distant Jovian magnetosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 2: doi: 10.1029/GL002i012p00567. issn: 0094-8276.

The longitudinal asymmetry of the surface magnetic-field strength at Jupiter causes a longitudinal asymmetry in the equatorial plasma mass density within the Jovian magnetosphere. The rotation of these density variations with the planet causes a diurnal variation of the radial distance on the night side at which the centrifugal stress of the magnetospheric plasma exceeds the local magnetic-field tension. This is approximately the distance at which the magnetic field opens to interplanetary space; we estimate that the opening distance can vary by as much as 14% as a result of the observed surface field asymmetry. Such a diurnal variation of the boundary of the particle trapping region can account for the observed ten-hour modulation of relativistic electrons emitted from Jupiter into interplanetary space.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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