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Giardini et al. 1976
Giardini, A.A., Subbarayudu, G.V. and Melton, C.E. (1976). The emission of occluded gas from rocks as a function of stress: Its possible use as a tool for predicting earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters 3: doi: 10.1029/GL003i006p00355. issn: 0094-8276.

Occluded gases were studied from fifteen types of rock, including igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. The specimens were stressed to a crushing failure at room temperature under a vacuum of about 10-9 torr. The more abundant gases were H2, CH4, H2O, N2, CO, O2 and CO2. However, each rock released gas with a characteristic composition. The volume of gas released was a variable function of stress above a threshold value. The greatest rate of emission occurred over the latter 20% of the rock's ability to withstand stress. Analyses of stress-released occluded gases (excluding water), released as a function of stress, are given for a granodiorite and a gneiss. Volumes (STP) of most gases observed prior to an upon failure of the rocks are equivalent to several hundred liters each per ton of rock. Stress-induced emission of a widely distributed, highly mobile gas such as H2 could serve as an useful indicator of a critical stress build-up in the earth's crust.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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