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Avanzino & Kennedy 1993
Avanzino, R.J. and Kennedy, V.C. (1993). Long-term frozen storage of stream water samples for dissolved orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrate, and ammonia analysis. Water Resources Research 29: doi: 10.1029/93WR01684. issn: 0043-1397.

Many researchers have used freezing as an effective, short-term, water sample preservation method for subsequent nutrient analysis. In this study, filtered samples held at -16¿2 ¿C for 4--8 years were reanalyzed for orthophosphate, nitrate plus nitrate, and ammonia. Orthophosphate and ammonia concentrations decreased by 0.2 &mgr;g P/L and 5 &mgr;g N/L, respectively, at mean concentrations of 69.4 &mgr;g P/L and 246 &mgr;g N/L. Nitrate plus nitrate increased by 1.1 &mgr;g N/L at a mean concentration of 139.1 &mgr;g N/L. An anaerobic well sample proved to be unsuitable for freezing because it lost significant amounts of orthophosphate during the freezing process. None of the differences observed over long periods of frozen storage were more than twice the estimated standard deviation of the analytical methods used in the study. The small changes observed demonstrate the effectiveness of frozen storage as a means of nutrient preservation in water samples that are unaffected by the freezing process itself.

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Abstract

Keywords
Hydrology, Limnology, Hydrology, Instruments and techniques
Journal
Water Resources Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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