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Torbett & Smoluchowski 1979
Torbett, M. and Smoluchowski, R. (1979). The structure and the magnetic field of Uranus. Geophysical Research Letters 6: doi: 10.1029/GL006i008p00675. issn: 0094-8276.

The two-layer model of Uranus is recalculated using a rotation period of 24 rather than 10.8 hours and also the melting temperatures of H2O and of the constituents of the core are evaluated. It appears that the core is solid and the H2O-containing mantle is liquid. The conductivities of H2O, ''metallic'' H2 and metallic H are roughly in the ratio of 1:102:104 so that the convective velocities required for the operation of a dynamo would have to be about 10, 10-1 and 10-3cm sec-1 respectively. The very low thermal flux from Uranus suggests that, unless a precessional dynamo is invoked, metallically conducting H2 or metallic hydrogen has to be present in the mantle.

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