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Shao & Liu 2004
Shao, H. and Liu, G. (2004). Detecting drizzle in marine warm clouds using combined visible, infrared, and microwave satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: doi: 10.1029/2003JD004286. issn: 0148-0227.

We present a method to detect drizzle in marine warm clouds by combining visible, near-infrared, and microwave measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. A visible/near-infrared algorithm is used to simultaneously retrieve cloud optical depth (τ) and effective radius (re). A new microwave algorithm is developed to retrieve liquid water path (LWPm). First, the relationship among LWPm, re and τ are investigated by using radiative transfer model simulations and by analyzing satellite observations. Results from both the modeling and the analysis indicate that LWPm, re and τ satisfy a relation in the form of LWPm = αre¿τ(3¿-1)/2, and that α and ¿ stay relatively constant within a satellite scene for nondrizzle clouds, while they are different from those for drizzle clouds. On the basis of this result, a drizzle detection index (DI) is defined by the ratio of LWPm to the liquid water path calculated from τ and re using a relation derived for nondrizzle clouds. Model simulation results show that for nondrizzle clouds DI is close to 1, and for drizzle/rain clouds DI is greater than 1. Case studies using satellite data indicate that values of DI are greater in the regions with large re but relatively small τ, and/or near the center of convective cells. The relation among LWPm, re and τ derived from satellite retrievals is consistent with that of radiative transfer simulation results. Finally, coincident airborne cloud radar measurements were used to verify the capability of DI for drizzle detection. The result indicates that DI is useful in differentiating between drizzle and nondrizzle clouds, and suggesting that DI of ~1.1 is the drizzle threshold, which is also consistent with our radiative transfer model simulations.

BACKGROUND DATA FILES

Abstract

Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801), Global Change, Remote sensing, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Precipitation, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Radiative processes, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Remote sensing, drizzle detection, liquid water path, cloud effective radius, cloud optical depth, aerosols' indirect radiative effect, TRMM
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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