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Detailed Reference Information
Schwenn et al. 1980
Schwenn, R., Rosenbauer, H. and Mühlhäuser, K. (1980). Singly-ionized helium in the driver gas of an interplanetary shock wave. Geophysical Research Letters 7: doi: 10.1029/GL007i003p00201. issn: 0094-8276.

The interplanetary shock wave observed on Jan. 29, 1977 by the HELIOS-1 plasma instruments shows an unusual feature: In the cold tenuous piston plasma following this shock, there appears a third peak in the energy per charge (E/q) spectra, in addition to the normal proton and &agr;-particle peaks. the peak is located at E/q=4 and persists for about 14 hours, with slowly varying intensities. Independent simultaneous measurement of these particles' charge yields a value of ?1. These ions are thought to be 4He+ ions travelling with the same speed as protons and &agr;-particles. The occurrence of 4He+ indicates the possibility that during eruptive prominences or other solar transients ''cold'' chromospheric plasma might escape from the sun without undergoing the normal coronal heating process.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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