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Lysak & Carlson 1981
Lysak, R.L. and Carlson, C.W. (1981). The effect of microscopic turbulence on magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Geophysical Research Letters 8: doi: 10.1029/GL008i003p00269. issn: 0094-8276.

The effect of turbulence on the coupling of the magnetosphere and ionosphere has been investigated by including an effective collision frequency in the electron equation of motion. When this term is combined with the continuity equation, the ion equation of motion and Maxwell's equations, a disperison relation for the kinetic Alfv¿n wave including effective collisions is found. The wave-particle interaction leads to a strong damping of the wave. Inclusion of the effects of plasma sheet kinetics yields a scale size transverse to the magnetic field which corresponds to the size of visual auroral arcs.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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