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Mihalov & Barnes 1981
Mihalov, J.D. and Barnes, A. (1981). Evidence for the acceleration of ionospheric 0+ in the magnetosheath of venus. Geophysical Research Letters 8: doi: 10.1029/GL008i012p01277. issn: 0094-8276.

Energetic ions (E/q>4 kV) in the magnetosheath near Venus, in the vicinity of the planet's terminator plane, have been detected by the plasma analyzer of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter. These ions have energy per unit charge consistent with 0+, the most abundant ionospheric ion, moving at a speed somewhat slower than or comparable to the local magnetosheath speed. These ions are slowest and most intense at low altitudes. We interpret these observations as indicating that 0+ is picked up by the magnetosheath plasma and accelerated up to the ambient proton flow speed within one Venus radius of the surface of the planet, and subsequently convected away through the wake of the planet.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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